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Flashcards in lung cancer Deck (10)
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1
Q

Lung CA -symptoms

A
  • coughing that gets worse or does not go away
  • chest pain
  • SOB
  • wheezing
  • coughing up blood
  • feeling very tired all the time
  • weight loss with unknown cause
  • metastasis symptoms related to metastasis area
2
Q

Lung CA- dx

A
-chest X-ray
CT scan for smaller tumors
- MRI, PET scan that look for metastasis to spine
biopsy of lung tissue
-CBC
3
Q

Lung CA types:

A
  1. Non small cell Lung CA=85-90%, changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
  2. Small cell lung CA = 10-15%- dense cells in ovoid shape that usually arise from bronchial mucosa
4
Q

Lung CA- pathogenesis

A

Two genetic lesions for NSCLC ( non sm. cell lung ca.)

  1. mutation of epidermal growth factor -> overexpression
  2. mutation of KRAS genes-> rapid cell proliferation

Bronchial precursor cell => sm cancer cell => large cell tumor which becomes adenocarcinoma or squamous cell tumor

5
Q

Lung CA- staging

A

TNM: T- size
N- nodules in same or contralateral node
M- local vs extrathecal
Numeric:
I: confined to lung and No metastasis
II: tumors w hilar or peribronchial node involvement
III: locally advanced, mediastinal or cervical lymph node metastases and w/no extansion to chest wall
IV: tumor w distant metastases, malignant pleural or pericardial effusion

6
Q

Lung CA:- metastases

-30% of newly diagnosed w CA have metastases

A
  • spreads via Seeds and Soil theory:BV, Lymphatics and Direct extension
    Common sites of metastasis: adrenal gland, brain, bone: 50% of all cases= long bone, ribs, spine, and Liver

LUNGS are the MOST FREQUENT site of metastases from other CAncer

7
Q

Lung CA- bone metastases

A

osteoclast-makes bone weaker
osteoblast- lays down extra bone to make sclerosis of the bone
-symptoms: pain, fracture, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia
Separate treatment based on symptoms: surgery, radiation, bisphosphanates

8
Q

Lung CA- treatment NSCLC

A

St. I +II: radiation and chemo if have any lymph node disease
St.III: surgery usually non succesful bc of metastases, and is in combination w chemo radiation 20%
St.IV:- metastasis to spinal cord-> radiotherapy to spine
The goal is to interrupt cell growth w drugs to target epidermal growth factor or KRAS genes is under investigation and development

9
Q

Lung CA - prognosis

A
NSCLC is better than SCLC
Det. by: - stage at time of presentation
- cell type
treatment option
- status of pt.
Factors w poor prognosis:
- weight loss of 10%BW in past 6 months, generalized weakness, male, >70 yo, prior chemotherapy, elevated CBC levels
10
Q

Lung cancer risk factors

A

1 Cigarette smoking= linked to about 90% of lung CA
2. Redon
3. second hand smoke
Other: asbestos, arsenic, diesel exhaust, silica and chromium
personal or family history, radiation to chest and diet