malaria - disease and enviro Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in malaria - disease and enviro Deck (37)
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1
Q

what are the symptoms of malaria?

A

fever headaches tiredness diarrhoea vomit

2
Q

how does a person catch malaria?

A

the parasite is carried by mosquitoes that pick it up in stagnant water
when bitten the parasite enters the red bloods cells casing anaemia and jaundice

3
Q

if malaria is left untreated what can it cause?

A

kidney failure
siezures
coma
death

4
Q

when do symptoms appear?

A

after a week or two of being bitten

5
Q

without treatment when can the disease return?

A

up to fifty years later even though you have only been bitten once

6
Q

what is the rate of malaria dependant on?

A

several factors linked to the natural environment and human population

7
Q

how many children die a minute?

A

one

8
Q

what is increasing the distribution of malaria?

A

climate change

9
Q

what are the factors that cause malaria?

A

species of mosquito
human immunity
enviro

10
Q

what factors are in species of mosquitoes?

A

life span - longer the life span more chance it has to spread the disease
prefernce on biting humans - some species prefer to bit species thought to be a combo of these two to why malaria case prevail in africa

11
Q

what % of all malaria cases are in africa?

A

90%

12
Q

what are the factors dealing with human immunity?

A

children - partial immunity is built up over the years

immigrants - lack of exposure to the disease

13
Q

what are the environmental factors associated with the disease?

A

climate - breed in water

rural vs urban - distribution is complex

14
Q

why is the distribution of the disease complex?

A

in south east asia there is a risk of infection whereas in the urban area they have been declared disease free

15
Q

how else cam malaria be caught?

A

through blood transfusion or contaminated needles

16
Q

why does climate affect the disease?

A

mosquitos breed in water

in the tropics stagnant puddles are available all year due to wet tropical climate

17
Q

how can outbreaks be predicted with climate?

A

in areas with dry and wet season

more common just after rainfall so can be mapped

18
Q

what % of the population are at risk of contracting the disease?

A

more than 40%

19
Q

how many people are at high risk of getting the disease?

A

1.2 billion

20
Q

how many new cases occur every year?

A

214 million

21
Q

how many countries is malaria present in?

A

97

22
Q

what percentage of people with malaria live n 7% of worlds countries?

A

80%

23
Q

is it a global disease?

A

international ngos striving for eradication see it as a concern for the whole of humanity

24
Q

how many people died in 2015?

A

400,000

25
Q

where are nearly 80% of deaths accounted or?

A

africa and india

26
Q

what is the risk of climate change?

A

that it will further migrate until reaching the poles

27
Q

how many cases were found in ugande 2015?

A

3 million

6000 deaths

28
Q

why does transmission of the disease occur all year round in uganda?

A

due to the high temperatures and lake such as albert and victoria
breeding grounds

29
Q

what can be done to change environmental conditions of the disease in uganda?

A

not a lot can be done
has been irrigation systems in place
insecticides and nets

30
Q

in 2009 where did a drug factory open in uuganda?

A

kabale
the first malaria drug factory
5000 farmers grow the plants used to create the drugs

31
Q

how are the millennium development goals linked?

A

one of the goals was to combat hiv and malaria

since 2000-2003 new infections has feel by 40 % due to help of UN and WHO

32
Q

what % has children sleeping under mosquito nets increase by?

A

over 30%

2000-2015 MDG

33
Q

how has the death rate dropped from 2000-2015 due to MDG

A

declined by 60%

34
Q

when has the WHO targeted to eliminate the disease and from where?

A

2030 in 35 countries

35
Q

what are ways of managing the disease?

A

prompt and effective treatment
nets
indoor sprays
burning mosquito coils

36
Q

why is malaria a disease of poverty?

A

due to lack of investment in projects for prevention and cures

37
Q

what climatic conditions does malaria transmission fall at?

A
high altitudes (over 1500m) 
low rainfall (below 1000mm)