Management of Poisoned Animals Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Management of Poisoned Animals Deck (15)
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1
Q

What are the 6 things you should do when presented with a poisoned animal?

A
  1. stabilize vital signs
  2. evaluate + Hx
  3. prevent continued absorption
  4. antidote if possible
  5. removal of absorbed toxicant
  6. supportive therapy and monitor
2
Q

What are various ways to prevent continued absorption?

A

dilution, emesis, gastric and entergastric lavage, enemas, endoscopy, gatrotomy/enterotomy, cathartics, activated charcoal, IV lipid emulsion, dermal exposures

3
Q

What are ways to dilute ingested toxin? When is it used? What is controversial about it?

A

Milk or water (oral)

  • delays are decreases
    used: corrosive ingestions and insoluble calcium

causes gastroenteritis

4
Q

What are indications for emetic use?

A

removes up to 75% of stomach contents
- more effective than lavage

NEED to do ASAP

  • generally 2hour can varying depending on absorption rate
  • important with small uncharged molecules/weak acids

Feed first so they hav e something to puke up

5
Q

What are reliable emetics in dogs?

A

apomorphone, hydrogen peroxide

6
Q

What are reliable emetics in cats? what is contraindicated?

A

dexmedetomidine, xylazine

Contraindicated: apomorphine, hydrogen peroxide

7
Q

What are some contraindications of emetics?

A

NO rabbits, rodents, or birds

not in animals that are: hypoxic, dyspneic, seizuring, very weak (young/old), comatose, lack pharyngeal reflexes (aspiration pneumonia), have already vomited, ingested corrosives, pointy objects, ingested antiemetics

Caution: brachycephalic breeds, seizure history, heart disease

8
Q

What are indications for gastric lavage?

A
species that dont vomit
unsuccessful emesis
large volume of stomach contents
symptomatic patient (cant control gag)
lethal dose (quicker than emesis)
9
Q

What are the contraindications for gastric lavage?

A
ingestion of hydrocarbons or corrosives
liquid toxicants (little benefit)
unstable patient
patient with high risk of bleeding injury
recent surgery
inappropriate time frame post ingestion
10
Q

What is the gastric lavage method?

A

sedation, intubation
lateral recumbency, head down
measure large bore stomach tube to last rib
flush 5-10ml warm water
agitate stomach
aspirate or gravity drain stomach contents
+/- activated charcoal, elevate head
keep intubation in until able to protect airway

11
Q

How/when is activate charcoal best used?

A

bets against non-polar organic compounds, but wide use
given within 2 hours with cathartic
decreased absorption by 25-30%
Dose: 1-5g/kg, diluted 1:10 in water
repeated doses 1-2kg without cathartic every 3-8 hours with toxicant subject to recirculation

12
Q

what are the contraindications of activated charcoal?

A

less benefit with ionized toxicants
cautics, hydrocarbons, metals, alcohols, xylitol
do not combine with oily cathartics
tablets less effective than slurries
messy difficult to administer
dehydration, hypernatremia (playdoh, painballs)
patient with risk of aspiration (emesis is common)
potential GI surgery)

13
Q

What are common cathartics used in small animal?

A

sodium sulfate (250mg/kg) in AC slurry - most efficient saline cathartic

magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) - 250mg/kg in slurry
- potential CNS depression

Sorbitol (1-2ml/kg of 70% solution)
- most rapid and potent

Mineral oil (not recommended)

14
Q

What are the contraindications of cathartics?

A

GI stasis, caustic ingestion, hypotention/volume depletion, preexisting diarrhea or laxative ingestion, renal insufficiency, electrolyte imbalance

15
Q

How to decontaminate dermal exposures?

A

bathing 2-3 times with dawn with copius rinsing
avoid solvents (disperse and increase exposure/alter permeability)
control/monitor seizures or tremors and hypothermia
use rubber gloves, goggles, aprons