Middle Ear disease in adults. Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Middle Ear disease in adults. Deck (34)
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1
Q

What is most common in kids but can happen in adults?

A

Otitis Media with effusion.

2
Q

Describe otitis media with effusion.

A
  • Negative middle ear pressure

- Fluid (glue) in the middle ear- thick, goey stuff.

3
Q

What are the causes of Otitis Media with Effusion.

A

Eustachian Tube Malfunction from-

  • Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
  • Cleft Palate
  • Rare but could be nasopharyngeal carcinoma (cancer)
4
Q

With OME, there is ______ pressure in the middle ear, this means the tympanic membrane is more ______ _____.

A

Negative

Sucked In.

5
Q

What structure has the role of equalising pressure in the tympanic membrane?

A

Eustachian Tube.

6
Q

How is Otitis Media with Effusion managed in adults?

A
  • Nasal decongestant drops (this is the most effective short-term treatment).
  • Ventilation Tubes aka. grommets
  • Check nasopharynx due to possibility of nasopharyngeal cancer.
7
Q

What is discharge of the ear called?

A

Otorrhoea.

8
Q

Name the 2 types of ottorhoea.

A
  • Active chronic otitis media

- Otitis Externa

9
Q

Where is active chronic otitis media?

A

Middle ear. (disease of middle ear mucosa or squamous).

10
Q

Where is otitis externa?

A

The outer ear.

11
Q

What doesn’t work in terms of treating OME?

A

Antibiotics don’t work because it isn’t viral.

12
Q

Name this:

Perforation with inflammation of middle ear mucosa.

A

Active mucosal chronic otitis media (COM).

13
Q

How is Active mucosal chronic otitis media treated?

A
  • Toilet (clean out with sucker) and antibiotic/steroid drops - this doesn’t cure it though :(
  • Surgery eg. myringoplasty/ tympanoplasty in order to close perforation- this solves it :)
14
Q

What is the other otitis media, apart from active mucosal COM called?

A

Active squamous otitis media.

15
Q

Explain what active squamous otitis media is.

A

-Squamous epithelium in the middle ear or mastoid- Skin in wrong place basically and the dead skin cells accumulate which can cause infection.

16
Q

How is active squamous otitis media managed?

A

Surgery :)

17
Q

Name this:

Inflammation of skin of External Auditory Canal.

A

Otitis Externa.

18
Q

What is a prominent symptom of otitis externa?

A

Itch.

19
Q

How is otitis externa treated?

A
  • cleaned
  • topical steroids
  • occassionally topical antibiotics
20
Q

What is the fancy name for sore ears?

A

Otalgia.

21
Q

What can cause otalgia?

A
Otitis external
(temporomandibular joint- people often think it's their ears that are the problem)
22
Q

What is the fixation of the stapes footplate etc. known as?

A

Ostosclerosis.

23
Q

In ostosclerosis, the _______ ________ is normal.

A

Tympanic Membrane.

24
Q

What can ostosclerosis result in?

A

Conductive Hearing Impairment.

25
Q

Ostosclerosis can be down to _______.

A

Genetics.

26
Q

How is otosclerosis managed?

A

Hearing Aid

Surgery- stapedotomy

27
Q

What doe BAHA stand for?

A

Bone Anchored Hearing Aid.

28
Q

Why is a BAHA made of titanium?

A

Beause it oseointegrates aka. it fuses with the bone.

29
Q

In the BAHA, what is the flange fixture?

A

The titanium implant (screw)

30
Q

In the BAHA, what does the Abutment do?

A

It is the connection between the sound processor and implant.

31
Q

What is the outer part of the BAHA called?

A

The sound processor.

32
Q

How does the Bone Anchored Hearing Aid work?

A

By direct bone conduction.

33
Q

What does the BAHA bypass?

A

It bypasses the external and middle ear.

34
Q

When would a BAHA be appropriate?

A
  • Congenital Ears - absence of bits of ears
  • Chronic otitis externa - can’t wear HA
  • Bilateral problem mastoids (mastoid cavity with discharge)
  • Unilateral Dead Ear- no hearing in one ear at all.