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Flashcards in MIDTERM Deck (101)
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1
Q

CENTRAL RAY (CR):

A

the center of a radiographic beam
will be demonstrated by a shadow created by the collimator light when positioning a patient
will be directed at particular anatomical structures to obtain accurate placement

2
Q

PART POSITION:

A

the position of the body part being exposed Example: on a Cervical Flexion view the head is in complete flexion


3
Q

PATIENT POSITION:

A

the postural attitude of the patient’s body during the exposure of the film Example: recumbent, seated, standing

4
Q

most chiropractic films are

A

weight bearing (standing or seated)

5
Q

TUBE:

A

the portion of the machine where x-ray radiation is produced and directed towards the patient

6
Q

TUBE TILT:

A

the angle of the x-ray machine tube



7
Q

TUBE/FILM DISTANCE

A

AKA Focal/Film Distance

distance between the tube and the film

8
Q

BUCKY:

A

the portion of the x-ray machine which houses the grid and the cassette will be placed during the exposure of a film

9
Q

COLLIMATION:

A
a mechanism (inside the tube) utilized to limit the exposure field
required to be seen on the film in some states
10
Q

CEPHALAD

A

towards the head or I-S

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11
Q

CAUDAL

A

towards the feet or S-I

12
Q

SINGLE LETTER MARKERS:

A

the single letter marker indicates the patient’s appropriate side of the body part closest to the film during exposure

13
Q

MULTIPLE LETTER MARKERS:

A

the marker will indicate the body part closest to the film during the exposure Example: RAO, RPO

14
Q

PLACEMENT OF MARKER

A

Never obstruct any anatomical structure with a marker
Carefully place markers so that they are not collimated out of the exposed area of the film
Do not place markers in the area of the nameplate

15
Q

MITCHELL MARKERS

A

markers with mercury balls inside a small dome or bubble
when the bucky is upright the balls will be located at the bottom of the dome
when the bucky is parallel to the floor, the balls will be centrally located

16
Q

LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW:

CR?

A

CR: left to right or right to left (doctor’s choice except for scoliosis)

17
Q

LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW: PATIENT POSITION

A

patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

18
Q

LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW TUBE TILT

A

NONE

19
Q

LATERAL CERVICAL VIEW DEMONSTRATES:

A

body heights and widths,
disc height,
cervical curve,

20
Q

ADI

A

(less than 3 mm for adults, less than 5 mm for children),

21
Q

SELLA TURCICA

A-P NORMAL RANGE

A

5-16mm

22
Q

Sella Turcica S-I normal range

A

4-12mm

average: 8 mm

23
Q

Retropharyngeal Interspace

A

C1-3 levels

24
Q

Retrolaryngeal Interspace

A

C4-5 levels

25
Q

Retrotracheal Interspace

A

C6-7 levels

26
Q

ANTEROPOSTERIOR CERVICAL VIEW: (aka LOWER CERVICAL)

CENTRAL RAY?

A

A-P

27
Q

Lower Cervical View patient position

A

patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with midsagittal plane aligned with the vertical midline of the bucky

28
Q

lower cervical TUBE TILT

A

15 degrees cephalad

29
Q

LOWER CERV. DEMONSTRATES

A

Joints of Luschka, bony structures, soft tissue (trachea in the midline), air space (apex of the lungs)

30
Q

ANTEROPOSTERIOR OPEN MOUTH VIEW

CR?

A

A-P

31
Q

OPEN MOUTH PATIENT POSITION

A

patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with the patient’s midsagittal plane aligned with the vertical midline of the bucky. The patient’s mouth is open and the head is extended 15 degrees (with CR parallel to the floor) or hard palate is parallel to the floor (with CR cephalad 15 degrees)

32
Q

OPEN MOUTH DEMONSTRATES

A

atlas, axis and joints spaces

33
Q

FLEXION AND EXTENSION CR?

A

left to right or right to left

34
Q

FLEXION AND EXTENSION PATIENT POSITION?

A

PATIENT POSITION: the patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky with full flexion or full extension of the head

35
Q

FLEXION AND EXTENSION DEMONSTRATES

A

ADI (should not deviate more than 1 mm from neutral lateral view), cervical curve, mobility of cervical spine

36
Q

In a cervical LPO, what side is the IVF on?

A

Right

37
Q

In a lateral cervical view, what portion of the segment is posterior to the vertebral body?

A

Articular pillar

38
Q

In an A-P lower cervical, what parts make up the Joint of VonLuscka

A

Uncinate process and uncinate fossa

39
Q

in a cervical RPO, is the marker closer to the body, or the SP?

A

Body

40
Q

In a cervical LPO, which IV are we looking at?

A

Right IVF

41
Q

CR for POSTERIOR OBLIQUES?

A

A-P

42
Q

CR for anterior obliques?

A

P-A

43
Q

CERVICAL OBLIQUES

PATIENT POS.?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is angled 45 degrees to the bucky

44
Q

POSTERIOR OBL. TUBE TILT?

A

CEPHALAD 15

45
Q

ANTERIOR OBL. TUBE TILT?

A

CAUDAL 15

46
Q

TUBE/FILM DISTANCE

A

AKA Focal/Film Distance
distance
-Distance between the tube and the film

47
Q

In a cervical RAO, is the right pedile a bar or a circle?

A

R pedicle is a bar

48
Q

In a cervical RAO, where is the name plate?

A

Upper R/lower left (don’t flip it)

49
Q

Marker closer to the SP

A

in a cervical RAO, is the marker closer to the body or the SP?

50
Q

In a cervical LPO, is the marker closer to the body or the SP?

A

Marker closer to the body

51
Q

In a cervical LPO, where is the name plate?

A

Upper left, lower R

52
Q

In a cervical LPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

A

L pedicle = circle

53
Q

In a cervical RPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

A

L pedicle = bar

54
Q

A-P THORACIC CR?

A

A-P

55
Q

A-P THORACIC PATIENT POS?

A

coronal plane parallel to the bucky (the patient will be x-rayed supine if they are extremely obese)

56
Q

A-P DEMONSTRATES

A

thoracic spine, ribs, lung fields, sternum

57
Q

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC

AKA

A

SWIMMER’S VIEW

58
Q

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC

CR?

A

obliquely left to right or obliquely right to left

59
Q

LATERAL CERVICOTHORACIC

PATIENT POSITION?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is rotated 10-20 degrees off of perpendicular to the bucky with the arm next to the bucky flexed and the arm next to the tube extended

60
Q

SWIMMER’S VIEW TUBE TILT?

A

caudal 5 degrees

61
Q

SWIMMER’S VIEW DEMONSTRATES

A

lower cervical spine, upper thoracic spine

62
Q

ANTEROPOSTERIOR LUMBAR

CR

A

A-P

63
Q

AP LUMBAR PATIENT POSITION?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with their midsagittal plane aligned with the midline

64
Q

AP LUMBAR DEMONSTRATES

A

lumbar, pelvis, soft abdominal tissues, sacrum, hips

65
Q

LATERAL LUMBOSACRAL CR?

A

right to left, left to right

66
Q

LAT. LUMBAR PATIENT POS?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

67
Q

LAT. LUMBAR DEMONSTRATES?

A

lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx, soft tissue

68
Q

POSTERIOR LUMBAR OBLIQUE CR?

A

A-P

69
Q

ANTERIOR LUMBAR OBL. CR?

A

P-A

70
Q

LUMBAR OBLIQUES

PATIENT POS?

A

coronal plane angled 45 degrees

71
Q

LUMBAR OBLIQUES

DEMONSTRATE

A

Scotty dog to observe integrity of the pars interarticularis

72
Q

ANTEROPOSTERIOR PELVIS

A

A-P

73
Q

A-P- PELVIS PAT. POS?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky with their midsagittal plane aligned with the midline

74
Q

A-P PELVIS DEMONSTRATES?

A

both inominates, sacrum, proximal femur heads, coccyx, soft tissue

75
Q

A-P SACRUM

A

CR: A-P

76
Q

A-P SACRUM PAT. POS?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is parallel to the bucky and their midsagittal plane is aligned with the midline

77
Q

A-P SACRUM TUBE TILT?

A

15 degrees cephalad (perpendicular to the sacrum)

78
Q

A-P SACRUM

A

sacrum, S-I joints, coccyx, lumbosacral joint

79
Q

LATERAL SACRUM

CR?

A

left to right or right to left

80
Q

A-P SACRUM PAT. POS?

A

the patient’s coronal plane is perpendicular to the bucky

81
Q

A-P SACRUM DEMONSTRATES?

A

sacrum, lumbosacral joint, coccyx

82
Q

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW

A

Taken A-P

Read P-A

83
Q

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW NAMEPLATE??

A

upper left/lower right

84
Q

A-P OPEN MOUTH VIEW

DEMONSTRATES?

A

Atlas, Axis, Atlanto-occipital joint, Atlanto-Axial jointtext

85
Q

In an A-P thoracic view, what is it called when the diaphragm meets the ribs?

A

Costophrenic angle

86
Q

An an A-P lumbopelvic view, what is lateral to the obturator foramen

A

Ishial tube

87
Q

In an A-P lumbopelvic view, what is lateral to the apoposeal joint?

A

Superior arti. Process of inferior segment

88
Q

In a lateral lumbosacrao view, which process is closer to vertebral bodies?

A

Sup. Art. Facet

89
Q

In an A-P lumbopelvic view, what makes up the sideways ‘v’ shpae?

A

Ischial spine

90
Q

In an A-P lower cervical view, what is tube tilt?

A

15 cephalad

91
Q

In an A-P thoracic view, what is the white density in the middle cavity that looks like
pulled cotton?

A

Hilus of the lung

92
Q

In a lateral cervical view, what is posterior to the vertebral body

A

Articular pilar

93
Q

In an A-P thoracic view, are the name plate and the heart shadow on the same
side?

A

YES

94
Q

Name 5 things an A-P lower cervical view demonstrates:

A

Bony tissue , lower cervical

spine , soft tissue-tracheal air shadow , air-apex of lungs , jts : IVD & Von Luschka

95
Q

In an A-P thoracic view, what is tube tilt?

A

NONE

96
Q

In an A-P thoracic view, what is it called where the heart meets the diaphragm?

A

Cardiophrenic angle

97
Q

What is the tube tilt for an A-P lower cervical?

A

15⁰ cephalad

98
Q

Name three things that an APOM shows? D

A

Dens, C1\C2 capsule , Foramen magnum

99
Q

In a cervical RAO, is the right pedicle a bar or a circle?

A

R pedicle is a bar

100
Q

In a cervical LPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

A

L pedicle = circle

101
Q

In a cervical RPO, is the L pedicle a bar or a circle?

A

L pedicle = bar