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Head And Neck > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia splits to enclose…

A

Superficial and deep layers to enclose trapezius and SCM, splits to enclose submandibular gland, splits to form the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland.

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1
Q

What is the Platysma and what is its origin and nerve supply?

A

Broad, thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck.
O- from the fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.
NS- cervical br. of the facial N. (7th cr. n.)

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2
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses…

A

Sternohyoid, sterothyroid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid.

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3
Q

Pretracheal layer deep to the cervical fasica forms a pulley in which… And wraps around the lateral boarder of….

A

Intermediate tendon of digastric

Intermediate tendon of omohyoid.

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4
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles…

A

Longus colli and Longus capitis, scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior.

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5
Q

Carotid sheath

A

A tubular fascial investment that expends from the cranial base to the root of the neck.

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6
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath…

A

Common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular v., and vagus n.

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7
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Key muscular landmark of the neck.
O-from the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni and superior surface medial third of the clavicle.
I-into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral part of the superior nuchal line of occiput.

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8
Q

Lateral cervical region (posterior triangle) boundaries anteriorly, posteriorly, inferiorly, apex

A

A-posterior boarder of the SCM
P-anterior boarder of the trapezius
I-middle third of the clavicle
A-SCM and the trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line of occipital bone.

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9
Q

Inferior belly of omohyoid

A

Divides posterior triangle into an upper,larger occipital triangle and a lower smaller omoclavicular or subclavian triangle.

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10
Q

What is indicated on the surface of the neck by suprclavicular fossa?

A

Omoclavicular or supraclavicular or subclavian triangle.

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11
Q

Arteries of the lateral cervical region

A

Lateral br.s of the thyrocervical trunk, the third part of the subclavian artery and part of the occipital artery.

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12
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

Br of the subclavian artery.

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13
Q

External jugular vein

A

Drains most of the scalp and side of the face
Formed by the union of posterior auricular vein and posterior division of retromandibular vein.
Crosses SCM obliquely deep to the platysma, pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and terminates in the subclavian vein.

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14
Q

Subclavian vein

A

Unites with internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

Spinal accessory N. (11th cr n)

A

Supplies trapezius and SCM

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16
Q

Suprascapular N (C5C6)

A

Supplies suprasinatus and infraspinatus

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17
Q

Lesser occipital N supplies…

A

Ventral ram us of C2, supplies the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle.

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18
Q

Great auricular N supplies…

A

Ventral rami of C2&C3, supplies the skin over and the sheath surrounding the parotid gland, the mastoid process, both surfaces of the auricle and an area of skin extending from the angle of mandible to the mastoid process.

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19
Q

Transverse cervical N supplies…

A

Ventral rami of C2&C3, supplies the skin covering the anterior cervical region (anterior triangle).

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20
Q

Supraclavicular Ns supply…

A

Ventral rami of C3&C4, small br.s to the skin of the neck and supplies the skin over the shoulder

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21
Q

Phrenic N.

A

Chiefly from C4, runs on the anterior scalene muscle and provides sole motor supple to the diaphragm.

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22
Q

Spasmodic troticollis

A

Bilaterally combination of lateral neck muscles, especially the trapezius and SCM

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23
Q

Lesions of spinal accessory N

A

Drooping of the shoulder is an obvious sign of this nerve injury

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24
Q

Injury of the Suprascapular N

A

Results in loss of lateral rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
Waiter’s tip position.

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25
Q

Subdivisions of anterior triangle

A

The digastric and omohyoid muscles subdivide it into four smaller triangles: submental, submandibular(digastric), carotid, and muscular.

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26
Q

Submental triangle

A

Lies inferior to the chin

27
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Baroreceptor (pressure receptor) that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure

28
Q

Carotid body

A

Supplied mainly by the carotid sinus N (9th&10th) glossopharyngeal N and vagus nerve.
It is a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in blood

29
Q

Common carotid artery

A

At the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage the common carotid artery terminates by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries

30
Q

External carotid artery

A

Terminates into two br.s maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
Br.s are the ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, superior thyroid artery, lingual artery and facial artery.

31
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

Direct continuation of the sigmoid sinus

Units with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

32
Q

Hypogossal N

A

Cr n 12

It gives superior root of the ansa cervicalis also br.s to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

33
Q

External laryngeal n

A

Runs with the superior thyroid artery

34
Q

Internal laryngeal n

A

Runs with the superior laryngeal artery.

35
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

A

Level of C1&C2

36
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

At the level of the cricoid cartilage and TP of C6

37
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

A

Inferior to the TP of C7, superior to the neck of the first rib

38
Q

Anterior vertebral muscles

A

Longus colli, Longus capitis, rectors capitis anterior, and anterior scalene.

39
Q

Longus colli

A

Origin-anterior tubercle of C1 vertebra, bodies of C1-C3 vertebrae and TP of C3-C6 vertebrae.

40
Q

Longus capitis

A

Origin-from basilar part of the occipital bone

41
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

Origin-from base of hone cranium, just anterior to the occipital condyle.

42
Q

Anterior scalene

A

Insertion into the scalene tubercle of rib#1

43
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis

A

Origin-jugular process of the occipital bone

44
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Insertion- lateral aspect of the mastoid process and lateral third of the superior nuchal line

45
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Nerve supply- dorsal scapular n (C5) and cervical spinal nerves C3&C4

46
Q

Middle scalene

A

Insertion- superior surface of rib #1 posterior to the groove of subclavian artery

47
Q

Posterior scalene

A

Insertion-external border of 2nd rib

48
Q

Cervical part of the vertebral artery

A

Part one
Arises from the first part of the subclavian artery, ascends in the pyramidal space formed b/w the scalene and the Longus muscles.

49
Q

Vertebral part of vertebral artery

A

Part two

Passes through the transverse foramen of C6-C1 vertebrae

50
Q

Sub occipital part of vertebral artery

A

Part three

Courses in a groove on the posterior arch of hone atlas before it entersthe cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

51
Q

Cranial part of the vertebral artery

A

Part four

Supplies br.s to the medulla and the spinal cord, parts of the cerebellum, and the dura of the posterior cranial fossa

52
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Largest endocrine gland
Produces thyroid hormone which controls the rate of metabolism and calcitonin, a hormone controlling calcium metabolism.
Surrounded by a thin capsule
Pretracheal layer

53
Q

Anterolaterally

A

Related to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid.

54
Q

Posterolaterally

A

Related to carotid sheath and contents (common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, vagus n, and internal jugular vein)

55
Q

Medially

A

Related to external laryngeal n, recurrent laryngeal n, trachea, esophagus, cricothyroid, and inferior constrictor.

56
Q

Superior thyroid artery

A

Runs with the external laryngeal n

57
Q

Inferior thyroid artery

A

Runs with the recurrent laryngeal n

58
Q

Superior thyroid vein

A

Drains into the internal jugular vein

59
Q

Middle thyroid vein

A

Drains into the internal jugular vein

60
Q

Inferior thyroid vein

A

Drains into the brachiocephalic vein.

61
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Hormone produced: parathyroid hormone(PTH) controls the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the blood

62
Q

Tetany

A

Results in the removal of the parathyroid gland.

63
Q

Enlargement of thyroid gland

A

Lack of iodine

64
Q

Injury to recurrent laryngeal n

A

Produces Hoarseness

Head And Neck (2 decks)

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