The esophagus stares the level of ____ behind the cricoid cartilage
C6
Enters the diaphragm at the level of ___
T10
the esophagus ends at the cardia of the stomach at the level of____
T11
The esophagus passes close to the ____ and the ___ side of the heart
heart
left
why can problems with the esophagus can sometimes feel like pain in the heart
- the esophagus passes on the left side of the heart
what type of epithelial cells are lined in the esophagus
stratified squamous
what aids the passage of food down the esophagus
submucosa secretes mucus from the mucous glands
The lumen of the esophagus is surrounded by lays of muscle … name the layers that contain voluntary and involuntary muscles
- Voluntary in the top third (striated muscle)
- involuntary in the bottom third (smooth muscle)
- The middle third containing a mixture of both
the stomach consists of four major regions
- fundus
- cardia
- stomach body
- pylorus
T/F
the fundus function is to secrete pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid
false that is the body of the stomach’s cells function
the funds is to collect digestive gases
The ___ tissue within the stomach mucosa accounts for secretion of various active substances
glandular
Parietal cells secrete what
- hydrochloric acid
- intrinsic factor
Chief cells ( zymogen) cells secrete what
pepsinogen
enteroendocrine celss ( G- Celss) secrete what
hormone gastrin
The stomach consists of three layers of involuntary muscle:
- inner oblique
- circular
- outer longitudinal layer
The stomach has five major functions
- prelimary digestion of protein with pepsin
- temporary food storage
- control rate at which food enters the duodenum
- acid secretion and antibacterial action
- fluidization of stomach content
what are the three main sections of the small intestine
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
what is the first of the three parts of the small intestine and is directly attached to the pylorus of the stomach
duodenum
what is about 25 to 30 cm long
duodenum
the head of the ____ lies in the C- loop
pancreas
the duodenum should be subdivided into four sections
- superior part
- descending part
- horizontal part
- Ascending part
the superio part lies _______ and is enlarged proximally
intraperitoneally
the descending part and the rest of the duodenum is _____________
retroperitoneally
the pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum throughout the __________ - ________
- majore duodenal pailla —- hepatopancreatic ampulla
The second part or the duodenum contains the minor duodenal papilla which is the the entrance for ____
accessory pancreatic duct
T/F
the horizontal part of the duodenum passes posterior of the infer vena cava and runs from left to right
false
it is in front of the inferior vena cava and runs from right to left
T/F
the ascending part of the duodenum runs cranially along the left side of the vertebral column
true
the ascending part of the duodenum joins with the ___
jejunum
Main function of the duodenum ?
neutralization of the acidic gastric content due to Brunner’s glands
Jejunum has _____ complex arterial arcades, ____ vasa recta ,____ plicae circulares,___ and more highly folded
- less
- longer
- more
- thicker
Ileum has ___ complex arterial arcades, ___ vasa recta , ___ less folded, ___ present in mesentery
- more
- less
- thinner
- fat
T/F
Large intestines contain intestinal villi
fasle
only small intestine
The mucosa of the large intestine consists of two type of epithelial cells:
- cells specialized for water absorption
- mucus - producing goblet cells
The large intestine contains areas of lymphoid tissue called ___
Peyer’s patches ( also found in the ileum on the distal part)
what are the functions of peer’s patchers
- provide local immunological protection in the large intestines
pancreas lies in the upper_ abdomen
left
the pancreas is found ___ the stomach , with the head of the pancreas surrounded by the ____
duodenum