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Flashcards in Midterm Deck (37)
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1
Q

The esophagus stares the level of ____ behind the cricoid cartilage

A

C6

2
Q

Enters the diaphragm at the level of ___

A

T10

3
Q

the esophagus ends at the cardia of the stomach at the level of____

A

T11

4
Q

The esophagus passes close to the ____ and the ___ side of the heart

A

heart

left

5
Q

why can problems with the esophagus can sometimes feel like pain in the heart

A
  • the esophagus passes on the left side of the heart
6
Q

what type of epithelial cells are lined in the esophagus

A

stratified squamous

7
Q

what aids the passage of food down the esophagus

A

submucosa secretes mucus from the mucous glands

8
Q

The lumen of the esophagus is surrounded by lays of muscle … name the layers that contain voluntary and involuntary muscles

A
  • Voluntary in the top third (striated muscle)
  • involuntary in the bottom third (smooth muscle)
  • The middle third containing a mixture of both
9
Q

the stomach consists of four major regions

A
  1. fundus
  2. cardia
  3. stomach body
  4. pylorus
10
Q

T/F

the fundus function is to secrete pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid

A

false that is the body of the stomach’s cells function

the funds is to collect digestive gases

11
Q

The ___ tissue within the stomach mucosa accounts for secretion of various active substances

A

glandular

12
Q

Parietal cells secrete what

A
  • hydrochloric acid

- intrinsic factor

13
Q

Chief cells ( zymogen) cells secrete what

A

pepsinogen

14
Q

enteroendocrine celss ( G- Celss) secrete what

A

hormone gastrin

15
Q

The stomach consists of three layers of involuntary muscle:

A
  • inner oblique
  • circular
  • outer longitudinal layer
16
Q

The stomach has five major functions

A
  1. prelimary digestion of protein with pepsin
    - temporary food storage
    - control rate at which food enters the duodenum
    - acid secretion and antibacterial action
    - fluidization of stomach content
17
Q

what are the three main sections of the small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
18
Q

what is the first of the three parts of the small intestine and is directly attached to the pylorus of the stomach

A

duodenum

19
Q

what is about 25 to 30 cm long

A

duodenum

20
Q

the head of the ____ lies in the C- loop

A

pancreas

21
Q

the duodenum should be subdivided into four sections

A
  1. superior part
  2. descending part
  3. horizontal part
  4. Ascending part
22
Q

the superio part lies _______ and is enlarged proximally

A

intraperitoneally

23
Q

the descending part and the rest of the duodenum is _____________

A

retroperitoneally

24
Q

the pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum throughout the __________ - ________

A
  • majore duodenal pailla —- hepatopancreatic ampulla
25
Q

The second part or the duodenum contains the minor duodenal papilla which is the the entrance for ____

A

accessory pancreatic duct

26
Q

T/F

the horizontal part of the duodenum passes posterior of the infer vena cava and runs from left to right

A

false

it is in front of the inferior vena cava and runs from right to left

27
Q

T/F

the ascending part of the duodenum runs cranially along the left side of the vertebral column

A

true

28
Q

the ascending part of the duodenum joins with the ___

A

jejunum

29
Q

Main function of the duodenum ?

A

neutralization of the acidic gastric content due to Brunner’s glands

30
Q

Jejunum has _____ complex arterial arcades, ____ vasa recta ,____ plicae circulares,___ and more highly folded

A
  • less
  • longer
  • more
  • thicker
31
Q

Ileum has ___ complex arterial arcades, ___ vasa recta , ___ less folded, ___ present in mesentery

A
  • more
  • less
  • thinner
  • fat
32
Q

T/F

Large intestines contain intestinal villi

A

fasle

only small intestine

33
Q

The mucosa of the large intestine consists of two type of epithelial cells:

A
  • cells specialized for water absorption

- mucus - producing goblet cells

34
Q

The large intestine contains areas of lymphoid tissue called ___

A

Peyer’s patches ( also found in the ileum on the distal part)

35
Q

what are the functions of peer’s patchers

A
  • provide local immunological protection in the large intestines
36
Q

pancreas lies in the upper_ abdomen

A

left

37
Q

the pancreas is found ___ the stomach , with the head of the pancreas surrounded by the ____

A

duodenum