Midterm - Basal Ganglia/Miscellanious

Question 0

Basal ganglia

Answer 0

Inhibitory effect on motor control
Plays role in cognition and muscle tone

4 circuits with bidirectional capacity

Question 1

Parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 1

Caudate nucleus 
Putamen
Globus pallidus 
Clastrum 
Amygdaloid nucles

Question 2

Basal ganglia and cerebellum

Answer 2

Modifying and refining movements
Inhibitory and fascilatory effect
Lesion in either would result in a movement disorder

Question 3

Damage to basal ganglia

Answer 3

Parkinson’s disease - cells of substantia nigra secrete dopamine to the caudate nucleus
Huntington disease - inappropriate behavioral and movement patterns

Question 4

Developmental disabilities

Answer 4

Mental retardation
Fragile x syndrome
Down syndrome - trisomy 21, 3 copies

Question 5

What part of the the brain does deep brain stimulation effect

Answer 5

Globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus
Improves motor function and lessens medication
Evokes depression and psychiatric problems

Question 6

Diencephalon

Answer 6

Thalamus 
Epithalamus 
Sub thalamus 
Hypothalamus 
Sensorimotor intergrator and gateway for information to the brain

Question 7

LMN lesion

Answer 7

Loss of muscle power and control
Reduced reflexes
Atrophy of muscles and flaccid paralysis

Question 8

Motor control is enhanced by

Answer 8

Inhibitory effect of basal ganglia and excitatory effect of cerebellum

Question 9

UMN lesion

Answer 9

Loss of voluntary movements in affected muscles, hyperactive reflexes because of increased muscle tone

Question 10

2 typs of specialized receptors in muscles

Answer 10

Muscle spindles

Golgi tendon organs

Question 11

Muscle spindles

Answer 11

Detect degree and rate of change in muscle lengths

Help maintain muscle tone

Question 12

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 12

Monitor muscle tension during contraction