Midterm - Cells & Neurons Flashcards
Synapses
Neurotransmitter released from terminals
Action potential
Axon transmits neural message from soma to axon terminals ->
Contacts with other neurons made via synapses ->
Synaptic terminals store and release neurotransmitters
Depolarization
Action potential traveling down an axon
Vesicles release stored neurotransmitters
Embryogenesis
Overabundance of neurons in the brain
Action potential results from…
Charged particles moving through cell membranes
Positive and negative ions are unequal on each side of the cell membrane
Membrane potential is maintained by
Unequal distribution of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions
Sodium potassium pump
Adjusts the distribution of ions involved in action potential
Resting state
Cell not excited and not conducting an impulse
Unequal distribution of positive and negative ions
Excitability
Cells response to stimuli and conversion of this response to an impulse or action potential
Action potential is conducted faster in…
Myelin sheathed axon, and also dependent on diameter of axon
Mitosis
Equal division of embryonic and adult cells
Meiosis
Reduction division of chromosome # to half during regeneration so sex cells (gamete)
Ensures consistency of cell numbers from generation to generation
Zygote
Resulting cell from fertilization
Neural plate develops
Day 18
Forerunner for nervous system
Neural tube develops into..
Brains and spinal cord
