Misc. Vocab Flashcards Preview

Invertebrate Zoology > Misc. Vocab > Flashcards

Flashcards in Misc. Vocab Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are the five logical outcomes of natural selection?

A

Variation w/in population. Heritable variations. Overproduction of offspring. Differential survival and reproduction determined by environment. Result is a change in the gene frequencies that correlates w/ a change in behaviour, morphology, physiology.

2
Q

Apomorphy

A

A derived trait.

3
Q

Synapomorphy

A

A shared derived trait.

4
Q

Monophyletic group

A

A group of taxa, all sharing the same ancestor, and excluding none of the taxa that share that ancestor.

5
Q

Symplesiomorphy

A

A shared ancestral trait.

6
Q

Polyphyletic group

A

Like a monophyletic group, but does not include all the taxa descended from the same ancestor, and can include taxa descended from several ancestors.

7
Q

Homology

A

Similarity by common genetics (in related species).

8
Q

Homoplasy

A

Similarity by morphology/convergent evolution. LIKE IF BIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES WERE PLACED TOGETHER CAUSE THEY BOTH HAVE WINGS, YA KNOW?

9
Q

Polytomy

A

When the relationships between the groups are unknown. IE. The derivation of the taxa in the group is not known.

10
Q

Outgroups

A

Characteristics of species are assumed to represent ancestral conditions.

11
Q

Ockham’s Razor

A

The simplest explanation is often true.

12
Q

Determining who evolved when in a group of species?

A

(2n-3)!/2^n-3 (n-2)! (prime) N being the number of species in the group.

13
Q

Cladistic Analysis (Homoplasy vs. Homology)

A
14
Q

Monophyly vs. Paraphyly

A
15
Q

Polyphyly

A
16
Q

Autapomorphy

A

A derived trait unique to a terminal group.

17
Q

Plesiomorphy

A

A shared character.

18
Q

What kind of limestone is Guelph on?

A

SILUUUUURIAN

19
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.6 BYO

20
Q

When did prokaryotes originate?

A

3 BYA

21
Q

When did eukaryotes originate?

A

1.5 BYA

22
Q

When did metazoans originate?

A

0.7 BYA

23
Q

Metazoans

A

Multicellular and Eukaryotic organisims (Kingdom Animalia).

24
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Single celled organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelles.

25
Q

Eukaryote

A

Organism with cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

26
Q

Placozoa

A

flattened body, ameba like motion, ciliated upper and lower cells, ONE SPECIES GROUP