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Gastrointestinal - Week 7 > Miscellaneous Finals Study > Flashcards

Flashcards in Miscellaneous Finals Study Deck (23)
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1
Q

Occlusion of the left hepatic artery will cause problems in which liver lobe(s)?

A

Left Hepatic Artery supplied left lobe, caudate, and quadrate lobes.

(These lobes also empty into left hepatic duct and are served by the same branches of the hepatic portal vein)

2
Q

Patient with severe jaundice is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Where is the tumor located in the pancreas?

A

Head

This is because a tumor here would block the common bile duct and cause the previously mentioned jaundice!

3
Q

WHere do parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers in the inferior hypogastric plexus originate?

A

Sympathetic Lumbar and Sacral Splanchnics synapse in the plexus itself

Parasympathetic Pelvic Splanchnics pass through the plexus and synapse in the walls of pelvic and gut organs.

4
Q

More or less the equivalent to the vaginal artery in females is the _________ artery in males:

A

Inferior vesical

5
Q

Ionic concentration of saliva depends on flow rate. Is ionic concentration higher or lower with a fast flow rate?

What about acidity?

A

The concentration will be higher and more basic at faster flow rates!

This is because the original solution is basic and full of ions. These ions are removed as the saliva moves through the duct. If it moves through the duct quickly, the concentration and alkalinity will both be higher because it doesn’t have enought time to take it out.

6
Q

Pump on apical side of parietal cells pushing H ions into the lumen?

A

H/K ATPase!

7
Q

What regulator is release in the stomach when the pH is less than 3?

A

Somatostatin

  • Which inhibits gastrin release
  • Stops cAMP in parietal cells
  • Inhibits ECL release of histamine!
8
Q

How do NSAIDS cause gastric irritation in the stomach?

A

They block PGE2 leadign to reduced mucus secretion

BAM irritation!

9
Q

Good mechanism for stress ulcers?

A

Catecholamines suppress mucosal bicarb secretion

Caueses gastric irritation!

10
Q

What is achlorydia?

A

Reduced acid secretion condition

11
Q

What signals do fats, acid, and osmolarity in the small intestine send to the stomach?

A

CCK and Secretin tell the stomach to stop secreting acid and decrease motility

Hyperosmolarity also decreases motility

12
Q

Do you predict a patient on a proton pump inhibitor will have
increased or decreased duodenal bicarbonate secretion postprandially?

A

Decreased release because low pH helps stimulate it!

13
Q

Maximum exocrine pancreas activation occur during which phase of digestion?

A

Intestinal phase due to release of CCK and secretin

happens duirng cephalic and gastric phases, but much less

14
Q

How can lack of sleep lead to overeating?

A

Loss of sleep can lower leptin (satiety) levels and cause hyperphagia

15
Q

What would be the consequence of giving ghrelin prior to eating at a buffet?

A

You eat too much!

Stim. appetite

16
Q

Which regulator induces gallbbladder contration during intestinal phase?

A

CCK

17
Q

Single AA’s as well as glucose/galactose absorbed in the stomach occurs by cotransport with what ion? And what basolateral channel to maintain this ion’s gradient?

A

Cotransported with Na

Intracellular Na stays low due to Na/K ATPase pump on basolateral side

18
Q

Which transporter allows peptides to be absorbed in the small intestine?

Contransported with what ion?

A

PEPT1

They are co-transported with H+

19
Q

Genetic disorder causing abnormal chylomicron formation and consequently decreased ability to abosrb fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the diet:

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

20
Q

What must be done in order to activate opening of CFTR channels?

A

Just activate adenylate cyclase to elevate cAMP.

cAMP will open CFTR channels which will release Cl and cause H2O to also follow it into the lumen

(cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase)

21
Q

Linactolide acts on the same receptor as a GI polypeptide. What is the receptor and what is the effect?

A

Guanylin acts on GC-C receptors activating guanylate cyclase.

This increases cGMP which causes CFTR to excrete more Cl ions.

Linactolide treats constipation and acts on GC-C as well.

22
Q

Inherited disorder causing hyPOphosphoremia?

A

Dent’s disease

X-linked mutation in renal chloride channel

23
Q

Which hypertrophic gastropathy is caused by excessive secretion of TGF-Alpha. It causes diffuse hyperplasia of the foveolar epithelium of the body and fundus or the stomach

A

Menetrier’s Disease