Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

When does the cell cycle begin?

A

When a cell has been produced by cell division

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2
Q

How does the cell cycle end?

A

When the cell dividing produces two indentical cells

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3
Q

What are the two stages of the cell cycle?

A

Cell growth

Cell division

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4
Q

What is the stage of cell growth called?

A

Interphase

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5
Q

What are the three separate stages within interphase?

A

G1
S
G2

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6
Q

What happens in the G1 stage of interphase?

A

Cell grows and new organelles are made

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7
Q

What happens in the S stage of interphase?

A

DNA replicates itself to make it ready for mitosis

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8
Q

What happens in the G2 stage of interphase?

A

The cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made

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9
Q

Which part of the cycle does the cell spend most of its time in?

A

Interphase

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10
Q

Briefly, what happens during mitosis?

A

A parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

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11
Q

What is mitosis needed for?

A

Growth of multicellular organisms and repairing damaged tissues

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12
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase

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13
Q

When mitosis begins, what are the chromosomes joined up in the middle by?

A

Centromere

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14
Q

What are two strands of the same chromosome called?

A

Sister chromatids

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15
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

1) chromosomes condense
2) centrioles move to polar edges of the cell
3) spindle fibres form
4) nuclear envelope breaks down

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16
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

1) chromosomes line up in the middle

2) spindle fibres attach to the centromeres

17
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

1) the centromeres divide
2) spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart to separate ends of the cell
3) the chromatids make a V shape

18
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

1) the chromatids reach opposite ends of the cell

2) nuclear envelope forms around the groups of chromosomes to form two nuclei

19
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm dividing

20
Q

What is cancer?

A

Tumour that invades surrounding tissue

21
Q

How is a tumour formed?

A

When a cell divides uncontrollably

22
Q

Give an example of a drug which prevents the synthesis of enzymes needed for DNA replication.

A

Chemotherapy

23
Q

How is radiation used as a treatment for cancer?

A

they damage DNA
at certain parts in the cycle its checked for damage
if damage is found, the cell kills itself