Module 11

Question 1

Irreversible integration of coreplicating structures

Answer 1

integration of independent forms
contribute resources that support other parts of complex form
selection acts on integrated form
division of labor increases net fitness of complex form

Question 2

are eukaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

yes - irresversible integration of cells from 2-3 distinct lineages - coreplication and shared beneficial resources, integrated genomes ensure coordination
-selection acts on the eukaryotic cell

Question 3

key aspect of multicellularity

Answer 3

division of labor

Question 4

what does macroevolution do

Answer 4

examines major changes that give rise to new groups over long time periods

Question 5

how do species change and potentially give rise to new lineages?

Answer 5

punctuated and gradual

Question 6

punctuated

Answer 6

suggests a rapid change followed by a long period of stasis

Question 7

gradual

Answer 7

suggests a series of intermediates that precede the final observed species

Question 8

HOX

Answer 8

subset of homeobox genes, are a group of related genes that specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis of animals. Hox proteins encode and specify the characteristics of ‘position’, ensuring that the correct structures form in the correct places of the body.

Question 9

microevolution

Answer 9

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period

Question 10

gonidium

Answer 10

asexual reproductive cell or group of cells, especially in algae.

Question 11

endosymbiosis

Answer 11

noun: endosymbiosis

symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other.

Question 12

vesicle

Answer 12

a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.

Question 13

micelle

Answer 13

an aggregate of molecules in a colloidal solution, such as those formed by detergents.

Question 14

ribozyme

Answer 14

an RNA molecule capable of acting as an enzyme.

Question 15

montmorillonite

Answer 15

is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay. It is named after Montmorillon in France.

Question 16

Irreversible integration is a hallmark of complexity;

Answer 16

big idea

Question 17

Cells compartmentalize key biomolecules and increase their encounter frequency;

Answer 17

BI

Question 18

Genetic analyses revealed the bacterial origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts;

Answer 18

BI

Question 19

Gene and/or metabolite exchange between endosymbiotic partners helps to maintain the relationship

Answer 19

BI

Question 20

Division of labor is a key aspect of multicellularity

Answer 20

BI

Question 21

Macroevolution examines major changes that give rise to new groups over long time periods;

Answer 21

BI