Molluscicides (Methaldehyde) Flashcards Preview

RUSVM Toxicology 2016 > Molluscicides (Methaldehyde) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Molluscicides (Methaldehyde) Deck (18)
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1
Q

What are the sources for Metaldehyde?

A

Pesticide for snail and slug killer

2
Q

What is the exposure method of Metaldehyde?

A

Ingestion of baits

Malicious poisoning

3
Q

What are the properties of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Irritant
Flammable
Poorly soluble in water
Soluble in benzene, chloroform, and oil

4
Q

What species is susceptible to Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

All - Dogs, Cats, livestock, and horses

5
Q

What is the most toxic exposure route of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Inhalation

6
Q

What are the routes of exposure for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Inhalation

Ingestion

7
Q

What does Metaldehyde change to with acid hydrolysis?

A

acetaldehyde

8
Q

What can decrease the toxicity of Metaldehyde?

A

Enzyme inducers

9
Q

What is the mechanism of Action of Metaldehyde?

A

decreases brain GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin

10
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with GABA inhibition?

A

seizures/CNS excitation

11
Q

What are the clinical signs of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

GI irritation: Salivation, vomiting, diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperthermia due to CNS excitation (“Shake and Bake”)
CNS signs: incoordination, muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, convulsive seizures, opisthotonos
Mydriasis
Nystagmus
Reversible Blindness

12
Q

What is the cause of death for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Respiratory failure

13
Q

What do dogs develop that survive the acute disease of Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

liver failure

14
Q

What are the lesions associated with Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A
Formaldehyde odor in stomach contents
Petechiae/ecchymoses in the GI mucosa
Congestion 
edema
hemorrhage in lung, liver, and kidneys
15
Q

What is the laboratory finding for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Detection of metaldehyde in stomach contents

16
Q

What is the treatment for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Decontamination: Emetics, Gastric lavage, activated charcoal

17
Q

What are the symptomatic treatments for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Fluid therapy
Manage hyperthermia
Treatment of seizures
Muscle relaxants

18
Q

What is the prognosis for Metaldehyde toxicosis?

A

Good if they survive first 24 hours

Full recovery may take 2-3 weeks