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Flashcards in Monster Mash Deck (57)
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1
Q

What are the four types of deafness?

A

Conductive

Sensorineural

Mixed

Central

2
Q

What are the features of otitis externa?

A

Acute inflammation of the skin of the external ear

3
Q

What is the usual cause of otitis externa?

A

Found in swimmers

Pseudomonas

4
Q

How do you normally treat otitis externa?

A

Oral toilet

5
Q

What is furnuculosis

A

Very painfull staphylococcal abscess arising in a hair folicle

6
Q

How does otitis media usually present?

A

Rapid pain

Fever

anorexia

vomiting

usually after upper resp infection

7
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

Active squamous chronic otitis media

8
Q

What is another name for glue ear?

A

Otitis media with effusion

9
Q

What is the fudamental problem in glue ear?

A

dysfunction of the eustation tube

10
Q

What is important to remember about otitis media with effusion?

A

It can occour without pain

11
Q

What signs would you find in the history of a patient with otitis media?

A

history of poor listening

bad behaviour

inattention

poor speach

school work

12
Q

What type of hearing loss would you find in glue ear?

A

Conductive

13
Q

What is the management plan for glue ear?

A

Most resolve on their own in 3 months

if not then grommets can be used

14
Q

How long does it take for grommets to pop out?

A

3-12 months

15
Q

How do you treat tinnitus?

A

hearing aid which increases volume of back ground noise

Tinnitus retraining therapy

listen to music in the house

16
Q

Define vertigo?

A

A sensation of movement, usually spinning

17
Q

What is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

When you turn your head you are able to keep your eyes focused on a single spot

18
Q

What causes nystagmus?

A

Vestibular pathologies

19
Q

What does BPPV stand for?

A

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

20
Q

What is the pathophysiologyof BPPV

A

Otolith material from the urticle is displaced into the semicircular canals

21
Q

What is the most common semi circular cannal affected in BPPV?

A

Posterior semi circular cannal

22
Q

What is the classic histroy of BPPV?

A

Verigo upon:

Looking up

turning in bed

Bending forward

Rising from bending

23
Q

What is the Hallpike’s test?

A

The patient should show nystagmus

24
Q

What do the epley and brandt-daroff exercises do?

A

Move the disloged otoliths into the utricle

25
Q

What are the two causes of prologned vertigo?

A

Vestibular neuronitis and Labyrinthitis

26
Q

What is the difference between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis

A

Labtrinthitis may be associated with tinnitus or hearing loss where as vestibular neuronitis is not

27
Q

How do you treat vestibular neuronitis and labyrinthitis?

A

Supportive management with vestibular sedatives

generally self-limiting

28
Q

What is meniere’s disease?

A

History of recurrent, spontaneous , rotational vertigo with at least two episodes often lasting hours

29
Q

What is the main function of tonsils?

A

Trap bacteria and viruses on inhalation

Expose the immune system to these antigens to make antibodies

30
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx and nasopharynx

31
Q

What usually causes actue tonsillitis?

A

Usually viral

EBV

Rhinovirus

Influenza

Parainfluenza

Enterovirus

32
Q

What is the usual bacterial cause of tonsilitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)

H.influenza

S. aureus

33
Q

What is in the centor criteria for differentiating between bacterial and viral tonsilitis?

A

Fever

Tonsillar exudate

Tender anterior cervical lymphnodes

Absence of cough

34
Q

How do you treat tonsilitis?

A

Viral wil go away in 4 days

Bacterial in a week

Supportive treatmet

Penicillin 500mg for 10 days

35
Q

What is the requirement to be eligible for tonsillectomy?

A

7+ tonsillitis in one year

5+ each year for two years

3+ each year for three years

36
Q

What is a peritonsilar abscess?

A

A complication of acute tonsilitis

Bacteria is trapped between the muscle and tonsil producing puss

37
Q

What is the classic history of a peritonsilar abscess?

A

Unilateral throat pain

Painful swallowing

3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis

38
Q

What would you see in the throat of a patient with peritonsilar absecesses?

A

Medial displacement of the tonsil and uvula

39
Q

How do you treat peritonsilar abscess?

A

Aspirate and antibiotics

40
Q

What is another name for glandular fever and what causes it?

A

Infectious mononeucleosis

ebstein-barr virus

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of infectious mononeucleosis?

A

Gross tonsillar enlargement

marked cervical lymphadenopathy

hepatosplenomegaly

42
Q

What investigaion findings would you find in glandular fever?

A

Atypical lymphocutes

postive monospot test fo Paul-Bunnell test

Low CRP (<100)

43
Q

How do you treat glanduar fever?

A

Symptomaticaly

44
Q

what must you not prescribe in glandular fever?

A

Ampicillin will result in a macular rash

45
Q

What are adjuvant analgesics?

A

Painkillers whoes primary indications is for something other than pain

Anticonvulsants- gabapentin and pregabalin

Antidepressants - amitriptyline

46
Q

What is a quinsy?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

47
Q

How do you treat scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin

48
Q

What happens in cholesteatoma?

A

Normal cuboidal epithelium changes to squamous epithelium which a high cell turnover and abundant keratin production

49
Q

What is a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Nerve tumour of the vestibular nerve

50
Q

What would you suspect in bilateral vestibular schwannoma?

A

Neurofibromatosus type 2

51
Q

What is sialolithiasis?

A

Stones in the salivary gland

52
Q

What is the most common salivary gland tumour?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

53
Q

What must you remember about stridor?

A

In a sore throat with stridor or respiratory difficulty attempts to examine the throat should be avoided and th eatient should be admitted to hospital

54
Q

What is this a buzzword for

“severe sore throat with grey/white pseudomembrane across the pharynx”

A

Diphtheria

55
Q

How do you treat oral thrush?

A

Nystatin

56
Q

What is the treatment for Acute sinusitis?

A

1st Penicillin

2nd Doxycyline but not in children

57
Q
A