Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define “anhedonia”

A

Loss of enjoyment and pleasure

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2
Q

Define “anergia”

A

Lack of energy

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3
Q

What is euthymia?

A

Normal mood

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4
Q

What is the difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood: patient’s description of their state (subjective)
Affect: how mood changes to surroundings (objective)

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5
Q

List general features of low mood

A
Low, miserable, unhappy
Reduced facial expression
Reduced eye contact
Furrowed brows
Limited gesturing and reactivity
Difficult to establish rapport
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6
Q

List features of speech in low mood

A
Reduced rate
Low volume
Reduced intonation (monotonous)
Increased latency
Limited content
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7
Q

List features of thought in low mood

A
Slow flow, ponderous
Negative, pessimism
Failure, guilt
Delusions
Hypochondriasis
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8
Q

List features of paranoia in low mood

A

Self-preferential thinking
Psychosis
Depression (increased sensitivity to criticism)

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9
Q

Hallucinations in low mood typically make someone depressed. True/False?

A

False

Typically, the hallucinations reflect a person’s depression rather than making them depressed

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10
Q

What aspect of insight is typically affected in low mood?

A

Attribution - patients blame experience on their sins, personal failings or weakness

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11
Q

How long should a depressive episode last to be classified as depression?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

List criteria for diagnosing depression

A
2 of core features
 - depressed mood
 - loss of interest/pleasure
 - decreased energy
Some additional features
 - low confidence
 - self-reproach, guilt
 - suicidal thoughts
 - diminished concentration
 - sleep disturbance
 - change in appetite
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13
Q

Moderate depression involves _ core features and _ additional features

A

Moderate depression involves 2 core features and 4 additional features

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14
Q

Severe depression involves _ core features and _ additional features

A

Moderate depression involves all core features and 5 additional features

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15
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar I

A

Meets criteria for mania at least once

Previous depressive or hypomanic episodes

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16
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar II

A

Current or past hypomanic episodes + current or past depressive episodes
Never met criteria for mania

17
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar III

A

Hypomania following use of antidepressants

18
Q

Which form of bipolar - I, II or III - is most common?

A

Bipolar II

19
Q

Depression changes to bipolar disorder once you have a manic episode. True/False?

A

True

20
Q

How long should an episode last to be classified as hypomania?

A

4 consecutive days

21
Q

List features of hypomania

A
Restlessness/increased activity
Increased talkativeness
Easily distracted
Decreased need for sleep
Increased sexual energy
Recklessness, irresponsibility
22
Q

How long should an episode last to be classified as mania?

A

1 week

23
Q

List distinguishing features (from hypomania) of mania

A
Racing thoughts
Loss of normal social inhibitions
Inappropriate behaviour
Inflated self-esteem
Sexual indiscretion