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Flashcards in Most Commons 5 Deck (76)
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1
Q

Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

2
Q

Pseudorosettes

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

3
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome (Pancoast’s tumor)

4
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

5
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A

Recurrent vasospasm in extremities

6
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

7
Q

Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections

A

Cystic fibrosis

8
Q

Red urine in the morning

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

9
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

10
Q

Reid index (increased)

A

Chronic bronchitis

11
Q

Reinke crystals

A

Leydig cell tumor

12
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

13
Q

Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease

14
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

15
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout

16
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

17
Q

Roth’s spots in retina

A

Endocarditis

18
Q

Rotor’s syndrome

A

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

19
Q

Rouleaux formation (RBCs)

A

Multiple myeloma

20
Q

Russell bodies

A

Multiple myeloma

21
Q

S3

A

Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)

22
Q

S4

A

Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

23
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies

A

Yolk sac tumor

24
Q

Senile plaques

A

Alzheimer’s disease

25
Q

Sezary syndrome

A

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

26
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome

A

Postpartum pituitary necrosis

27
Q

Shwartzman reaction

A

Neisseria meningitidis

28
Q

Signet-ring cells

A

Gastric carcinoma

29
Q

Simian crease

A

Down syndrome

30
Q

Sipple’s syndrome

A

MEN type IIa

31
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

32
Q

Skip lesions

A

Crohn’s

33
Q

Slapped cheeks

A

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

34
Q

Smith antigen

A

SLE

35
Q

Smudge cell

A

CLL

36
Q

Soap bubble on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone

37
Q

Spike and dome on EM

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

38
Q

Spitz nevus

A

Benign juvenile melanoma

39
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Endocarditis

40
Q

Starry-sky pattern

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

41
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever

42
Q

Streaky ovaries

A

Turner’s syndrome

43
Q

String sign on x-ray

A

Crohn’s disease

44
Q

Subepithelial humps on EM

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

45
Q

Suboccipital lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella

46
Q

Sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

47
Q

Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia

A

Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency) - vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

48
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

Aortic valve stenosis

49
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

50
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)

51
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

52
Q

Tabes dorsalis

A

Tertiary syphilis

53
Q

Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia

54
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

55
Q

Thyroidization of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

56
Q

Tophi

A

Gout

57
Q

Tram-track appearance on LM

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

58
Q

Trousseau’s sign

A

Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

59
Q

Virchow’s node

A

Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

60
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Pulmonary embolism (triad = blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)

61
Q

von Recklinghausen’s disease

A

Neurofibromatosis with cafe-au-lait spots

62
Q

von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”)

63
Q

Wallenberg’s syndrome

A

PICA thrombosis

64
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia

65
Q

Waxy casts

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

66
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

67
Q

WBCs in urine

A

Acute cystitis

68
Q

Wermer’s syndrome

A

MEN type I

69
Q

Whipple’s disease

A

Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii

70
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Hepatolenticular degeneration

71
Q

Wire loop appearance on LM

A

Lupus nephropathy

72
Q

Worst headache of my life

A

Berry aneurysm - associated with adult polycystic kidney disease

73
Q

Xanthochromia (CSF)

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

74
Q

Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

75
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum

A

Upper GI diverticulum

76
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers