Mouth + oesophagus Flashcards Preview

Gastoenterology > Mouth + oesophagus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Mouth + oesophagus Deck (17)
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1
Q

Which is more common acute or chronic oesophageal gastritis?

A

Chronic oesophageal gastritis

2
Q

What are the 4 types of tasebuds and which has a sensory role?

A

Fungiform
Filiform - sensory only
Circumvallate
Folliate

3
Q

What causes chronic oesophageal gastritis and how?

A

Obesity - increases intraabdominal pressure causing acid from the stomach to be pushed back up the oesophagus

4
Q

What is Barretts oesophagus?

A

A change in the epithelium of the distal oesophagus due to acid reflux (can lead to malignancy however not always)

5
Q

What type of immune cells is associated with allergic oesophagitis?

A

Eosinophils

6
Q

What treatment is given for allergic oesophagitis?

A

Steroids/monteleukast/chromoglycate (similar process so similar treatment to asthma)

7
Q

What type of oesophageal tumours are considered to be benign?

A

Squamous papillomas

8
Q

What type of oesophageal tumours are malignant?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma,

Adenocarcinoma

9
Q

What is a Mallory-Weiss tear?

A

A tear in the oesophagus due to repeated vomiting

10
Q

What is the treatment for oral cancers and why is this possible?

A

Surgery - as can access the mouth without causing further damage

11
Q

What are the muscles of chewing and which are responsible for opening/closing of the mouth?

A

Open: Temporalis, Massteter, Lateral pterygoid
Close: Medial pterygoid

12
Q

Which muscle prevents drooling from the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris

13
Q

What are the salivary glands called (3) and where are they?

A

Parotid - near the ear
Submandibular - under mandible
Sublingual - under tongue

14
Q

What are the main visible tonsils?

A

Palatine tonsils

15
Q

What are the four pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue called (and which muscle supplies them)?

A
Hypoglossal nerve: 
Genioglossus,
Styloglossus,
Hyoglossus,
Vagus nerve: Palatoglossus
16
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the upper oesophageal sphincter?

A

Cricopharyngeus

17
Q

What are the three physiological constrictions of the oesophagus?

A

Cricophryngeus (upper oesophageal sphincter)
Arch of the aorta
Diaphragm (lower oesophageal sphincter)