Movement Disorders Flashcards Preview

Z Clin Med II - Neuro > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Movement Disorders Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are 3 categories of abnormal movements and some examples of each

A

Impaired voluntary movements: incoordination, impaired motor planning
Presence of involuntary movements: tremor, chorea, dystonia, tics
Abnormal muscle tonw: spasticity, rigidity

2
Q

Parkinson’s disease epidemiology, pathophys

A

1 million affected in US, Parkinson belt in upper midwest, *MC in men than women
Occurs d/t lewy bodies affecting the substantia nigra in the midbrain

3
Q

Parkinson’s disease clinical, diagnosis, tx

A

*S/s: resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, posture/balance changes, insidious onset, unilateral
Dgx: No dgx tests. based on H and P and if they respond to Parkinson meds
tx: Levodopa for sx, deep brain stim, no cure

4
Q

What does deep brain stim do to the brain

A

electrodes are placed in the subthalamic nucleus and only helps to improve motor functions affected by PD

5
Q

What are some nonmotor sx of PD

A

constipation, REM sleep disturbances, cognition problems, increased risk of melanoma

6
Q

What do most people with PD die of

A

pulmonary infection, UTI, pulmonary embolism, complications from falls/fractures

7
Q

Restless leg syndrome epidem, pathophy

A

MC “movement disorder”, variable age of onset, idiopathic or secondary RLS, *affects females more than males
Occurs d/t dopaminergic dysfunction

8
Q

Restless leg syndrome clincal, dgx, tx

A

sleep disturbances, needing to get up and move
Dgx: check for underlying ds (anemia, folic acid deficiency, renal disease)
tx: avoid triggers, improve sleep habits, dopamine agonists (bromocriptine), maybe benzodiazepines or opiods

9
Q

Essential tremor clinical, dgx, tx

A

S/s: Bilateral, postural or kinetic tremor NOT present at rest
Dgx: clinical/family hx, H and P, check for hyperthyroid, Archimedes spiral test
Tx: no tx, lifestyle changes, Beta blockers, thalamic stim surgery

10
Q

dystonia definition

A

neurologic movement disorder, sustained muscle contractions; can be primary or secondary

11
Q

spasticity def, clinical, tx

A

increased muscle tone, hyperexcitable relexes, sharp jerk like movements
S/s: abnormal relexes (+ Babinski), muscle overactivity, muscle shortening, motor weakness
tx: baclofen, tizanidine, PT, denervation by botulinum toxin

12
Q

Ataxia def, dgx, tx

A

dysmetria of eye movements, nystagmus, dysarthria, incoordination, gait ataxia
Dgx: r/o EtOH, Brain MRI, paraneoplastic check,
Tx: no meds, supportive, assistive devices

13
Q

Huntington’s epidem, pathophys

A

Family hx, autosomal dominant genetic disorder, MC in caucasians, *affects males and females equally
Occurs d/t degenerating cells developing intranuclear inclusions of abnormal huntington protein and the brain can’t clear it

14
Q

Huntington’s sx, dgx, and tx

A

S/s:chorea, involuntary movements, later dystonia, cognitive disorders (can’t learn new things, takes longer to process things but can still recognize faces, do math, etc)
Dgx: Luria 3 step test, H and P, gene test
Tx: only tx sx (neuroepileptics, tetrabenazine), not cureable, PT/OT, nutrition