MSK - Femur Flashcards Preview

ESA 2 > MSK - Femur > Flashcards

Flashcards in MSK - Femur Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What other bones apart from the femur are present in the thigh?

A

None other, the femur is the only one!

2
Q

What is the main function of the femur?

A

Transmit forces from the tibia to the hip joint

3
Q

What end and what view of the femur is being shown here?

A

Proximal end

Anterior View

4
Q

What end and view of the femur is being shown here?

A

Proximal End

Posterior View

5
Q

What is the Bony Landmark highlighted in red?

What does it have on it’s medial surface and why?

A

The Head of the Femur

On it’s medial surface it has a depression for the attachment of the ligament of the head

6
Q

What is the bony landmark highlighted in yellow?

At what angle does it project, and what does this allow?

A

The Neck of the femur

It projects medially and superiorly, allowing for an increased range of movement at the hip joint

7
Q

What is the bony landmark highlighted in green?

What direction does it project in?

What muscles attach here?

A

The Greater Trochanter

Angled Superiorly and Posteriorly

Site of attachment for the abductor and lateral rotator muscles of the leg

8
Q

What is the bony landmark highlighted in blue?

What direction does it project in?

What muscles attach here?

A

The Lesser Trochanter

Projects posteriomedially

The psoas major and iliacus muscles attach here

9
Q

What Bony Landmark is indicated by the line?

What ligament attaches here?

After the ligament passes the lesser trochanter on the posterior surface, what is it known as?

A

Intertrochanteric Line

Iliofemoral ligament attaches here which is a very strong ligament of the hip joint

Known as the pectineal line

10
Q

What bony landmark is indicated by the line?

What is located on its superior half and what attaches here?

A

Intertrochanteric crest

Rounded tubercle on its superior half called the quadrate tubercle

Site of attachment for the quadratus femoris

11
Q

Within a year of a hip fracture, what fraction of people will die?

A

1/3rd

12
Q

What fractures are more common in the elderly?

A

Intracapsular Fracture

13
Q

What gender are more likely to suffer an intracapsular fracture?

A

Woman

14
Q

What structure can an intracapsular fracture damage?

What could this lead to?

A

Medialfemoral circumflex artery

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

15
Q

In which direction is the distal fraction pulled and in which direction does it rotate?

How would this manifest clinically?

A

Pulled Upwards

Rotated Laterally

Manifests as shorter leg with laterally pointing toes

16
Q

What age group do exracapsular fractures occur?

How do they manifest clinically?

Could blood supply be compromised?

A

Young and middle ages people

Same as intracapsular fractures, shorter leg with laterally pointing toes

No, so avascular necrosis is not possible

17
Q

In what direction does the shaft of the femur descend?

A

In a slightly medial direction

18
Q

What is the advantage of the slanted descent of the femur shaft?

A

Brings the knees closer to the body’s center of gravity, increasing stability

19
Q

On the posterior surface there are roughened ridges of bone known as what?

A

Linea Aspera

20
Q

Proximally, the lateral border of the linea aspera becomes what?

The medial border become what, and what attaches here?

A

Lateral - Pectineal line

Medial - Gluteal tuberosity - Gluteus maximus attaches

21
Q

Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of what bony landmark?

The medial and lateral borders form what other bony landmarks?

A

Forms the floor of the Popliteal fossa

Medial and lateral borders form the supracondylar ridges

(NOTE: The medial supracondyle line stops at the adductor tubercle, where the adductor magnus attaches)

22
Q

How common are fractures of the femur?

A

Relatively uncommon

23
Q

How do femur fractures occur?

A

Requires a lot of force such as in a car accident

24
Q

Spiral fractures of the femur present with leg shortening. Why is this?

A

Because of fragments being pulled by attachments and overriding

25
Q

Due to the method of injury typically being high energy, what may also be damaged?

A

Surrounding soft tissue

26
Q

When looking at a femur fracture, what other structure should be ensured hasn’t been damaged?

A

Femoral Artery as it supplies the rest of the limb

27
Q

What is the distal end of the fibula characterised by?

A

Presence of the medial and lateral condyles

28
Q

Medial and lateral condyles articulate with what?

What join is formed?

A

Tibia and Patella, forming the knee joint

29
Q

What bony landmark is highlighted in red?

What do they articulate with?

A

Medial and Lateral condyles

The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and misci of the knee, while the posterior surface articulates with the patella

30
Q

What bony landmarks are highlighted in green?

What attaches here?

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Some muscles and the collateral ligaments of the knee joint

31
Q

What bony landmark is indicated by the line?

A

The Adduct

32
Q

What bony landmark can be found lying on the posterior surface between the two condyles?

What attaches here

A

Intercondylar Fossa

Contains two facets for attachment of internal knee ligaments

33
Q

Name the two facets for attachment of internal knee ligaments in the intercondylar fossa and which wall they are found on

A

Facet for attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament

Facet for attachment of anterior cruciate ligament