MSK - Muscles of the Gluteal Region Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in MSK - Muscles of the Gluteal Region Deck (17)
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1
Q

Where is the Gluteal Region located?

A

Posteriorly to the pelvic girdle

Proximal end of the femur

2
Q

What do the muscles in this region do?

A

Move the lower limb at the hip joint

3
Q

The muscles in the gluteal region can be divided into how many groups?
What are the names of these groups?

A

2
Superficial abductors and extenders
Deep lateral rotators

4
Q

What do the superficial abductors and extenders do?

What muscles are contained in this group?

A

Abduct and extend the femur

Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus.

5
Q

What do the deep lateral rotators do?

What muscles are contained in this group?

A

Laterally rotate the femur

Quadratus Femoris, Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Gemellus Inferior and Obturator Internus

6
Q

What is the largest and most superficial gluteal muscle?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

Gluteus Maximus
Originates at the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx, slopes at a 45 degree angle and inserts at the iliotibial tract and the gluteal trochanter of the femur
Main extensor of the thigh and aids with lateral rotation but only when force is required
Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

7
Q

What shape is the Gluteus Medius?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

Fan shaped
Originates at the gluteal surface of the ilium and inserts at the lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve

8
Q

What is the deepest and smallest if the superficial gluteal muscles?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

Gluteus Minimus
Originates from the ilium and inserts into the anterior surface if the greater trochanter
Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb. During locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb.
Superior gluteal nerve

9
Q

When one leg is raised, what happens?

A

Contraction of gluteus medius in the opposite leg to prevent drop of the unsupported pelvis

10
Q

What are the two characteristics of superior gluteal nerve lesioning?

A

Positive Trendlenberg test

Gluteal Gait

11
Q

How do the deep muscles stabilise the hip joint?

A

‘Pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis

12
Q

What is the most superior deep muscle?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

Piriformis
Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum, ravels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
Nerve to piriformis

13
Q

What muscle forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

Obturator Internus
Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen, travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
Nerve to obturator internus

14
Q

What are the two narrow and triangular muscles separated by the obturator internus tendon?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A

The Gemelli – Superior and Inferior
The superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial spine, the inferior from the ischial tuberosity, both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotation and abduction
The superior gemellus muscle is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus, the inferior gemellus is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris

15
Q

What is the most inferior deep gluteal muscle? What shape is it?
What is its attachments?
What is its actions?
What is its innervation?

A
Quadratus Femoris
Flat square shaped muscle
It originates from the lateral side of the ischial tuberosity and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
Lateral rotation
Nerve to quadratus femoris
16
Q

Why is the piriformis is a very important anatomical landmark?

A

It travels through the greater sciatic foramen, dividing the gluteal region into an inferior and superior part

17
Q

What does the gluteal region division decide?

A

Name of the vessels and nerves