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Flashcards in Multiple Drug groups Deck (38)
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1
Q

What are the three main classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

1-NSAIDs
2-Glucocorticoids
3-DMARDs (Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)

2
Q

What are 8 conditions that can result from Chronic inflammation?

A
1-Cancers
2-Pulmonary diseases	
3-Cardiovascular diseases
4-Diabetes
5-Alzheimer’s disease
6-Oral diseases (periodontal tissues)
7-Neurological disease
8-Arthritis
3
Q

Which COX enzyme is constitutive for platelets, kidney, GI and Lungs and is inhibited by classic NSAIDs?

A

COX-1

*risk for GI ulcers, decreased Platelet agg, Na retention and hyperkalemia when inhibited

4
Q

Which COX enzyme is constitutive in the kidney and do not affect platelet aggregation or GI tract when inhibited?

A

COX-2

5
Q

Which NSAID is the only to inhibit both COXs in an irreversible manner?

A

Aspirin

*Reye syndrome in children

6
Q

Which NSAID can interfere with anti-platelet effect of low dose aspirin if taken together?

A

Ibuprofen

7
Q

Which NSAID is all day strong?

A

Naproxen

8
Q

What are 7 adverse effects common to all NSAIDs?

A
1-CNS-tinnitis
2-CVS-hypertension
3-GI-nausea, ulcers or bleeding
4-Hepatic-altered liver functions
5-Pulmonary-asthma
6-Skin-rashes
7-Renal- insufficiency, in extreme can have failure
9
Q

Which NSAID is a selective COX 2 inhibitor?

A

Celecoxib

*similar affects to aspirin except platelet action

10
Q

What type of drugs are rapid acting and have a dramatic effect on inflammation as well as slowing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Glucocorticoids

11
Q

What are 6 side effects of Glucocorticoids?

A
1-loss of muscle mass
2-osteoporosis
3-diabetogenesis
4-peptic ulcers
5-round face
6-buffalo hump
12
Q

______ is a long acting Glucocorticoid whereas _____ and _______ are medium/short acting

A

Dexamethasone

Cortisone, Prednisone

13
Q

Which drugs decrease inflammation and slow bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis but may be more toxic?

A

DMARDs

*Severe hepatotoxicity, Stomatitis and immunosuppression

14
Q

What condition develops when cells and natural oils block hair follicles in the skin?

A

Acne Vulgaris

*most commonly P acnes

15
Q

What are 5 drug groups used to treat acne?

A
1-Topical Keratolytics
2-Antibiotics
3-Retinoids
4-Anti-androgens
5-Combination Oral Contraceptives
16
Q

Which macrolide antibiotic is used to treat acne but may have antibiotic resistance?

A

Erythromycin

17
Q

Which anti ribosomal antibiotic is useful against gram positive and anaerobic bacteria?

A

Clindamycin

*GI upset and diarrhea

18
Q

Which nirtoimadizole antibiotic is for aerobic bacterial and parasitic infection such as demuxed braves (mites)?

A

Metronidizole

19
Q

Which sulfone antibiotic has unclear mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects?

A

Dapsone

*5% gel

20
Q

Which antibiotics are anti-ribosomal and chelated by dairy products?

A

Tetracycline

*Cat D pregnancy risk, Staining

21
Q

Which antibiotic is lipophilic and may accumulate in sebaceous glands as well as cause inner eat disturbances?

A

Minocycline

22
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with GI upset, is harder to chelate?

A

Doxycycline

23
Q

What are two retinoid options used for acne?

A

1-Tretinoin (topical)

2-Isoretinoin (Accutane)

24
Q

Which acne medication is the only true cure but is a category X pregnancy risk?

A

Isotretinoin (Accutane)

25
Q

What are two non-pharmacological approaches to treating acne?

A

1-Diet Therapy (avoid fatty junk foods)

2-UV phototherapy

26
Q

What are 4 uses for skeletal muscle relaxants?

A

1-Surgical Relaxation
2-Endotracheal intubation
3-Control of Ventilation
4-Anticonvulsant

27
Q

What are the two therapeutic groups of muscle relaxants?

A

1-Neuromuscular Blockers

2-Spasmolytics

28
Q

______ is a nondepolarizer muscle relaxant whereas ______ functions through a depolarizing blockade that desensitizes the nicotinic receptor

A

d-turbocurarine (blocks ganglionic nicotinic receptor)

Succinylcholine (fast acting, get initial twitch before paralysis)

29
Q

Unlike other muscle relaxants, what happens when Succinylcholine is administered with AChE inhibitors?

A

Effects are sustained rather than reversed

30
Q

What are 4 spasmolytic drugs that act by reducing the muscle stretch reflex?

A

1-Diazepam
2-Baclofen
3-Dantrolene
4-Carisoprodol

*all can be toxic, primarily in liver

31
Q

Which Spasmolytic drug increases GABA A opening, and is used for spasms and acute muscle injury?

A

Diazepam

32
Q

Which spasmolytic drug is a GABA B agonist, and is used for severe spasticity due to CP, MS and stroke?

A

Baclofen

33
Q

Which spasmolytic drug is an Alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist in the spinal cord and is used for spasms related to ALS?

A

Tizanidine

34
Q

Which spasmolytic blocks Ryanidine receptor Ca release from SR in the periphery and is used for malignant hyperthermia?

A

Dantrolene

35
Q

Which three antiviral drugs work by inhibiting viral thymidine kinase?

A

1-Acyclovir (10x more potent against HSV1 than 2)
2-Valacyclovir (converted to acyclovir, higher serum levels)
3-Famciclovir (converted to penciclovir, higher intracellular concentrations)

36
Q

Which antiviral drug inhibits viral DNA polymerase enzymes and is used against resistant HSV and CMV strains?

A

Foscarnet

37
Q

What are 3 topical antivirals for Herpes virus?

A

1-Denavir (penicyclovir 1%, cold sores)
2-Zovirax ointment (acyclovir 5%, recurrent genital herpes)
3-Zovirax cream (acyclovir 5%, cold sores)

38
Q

Though patients may prefer cream what kind of topical preparation is stronger at the same concentration?

A

Ointment