Musculoskeletal System I Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles assisting in inhalation

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

External intercostals

Sternocleidomastoid

Serratus anterior

Serratus posterior superior

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2
Q

Muscle assisting in exhalation

A

Internal intercostal muscles

Serratus posterior inferior

External oblique

Internal oblique

Rectus abdominus

Transversus abdominus

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3
Q

Superficial back muscle

A

Latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

~3 cm inferior to the umbilicus, the ___ disappears.

A

~3 cm inferior to the umbilicus, the posterior rectus sheath disappears.

This leaves only transversalis fascia and peritoneum between the rectus abdominus muscles and the peritoneal cavity. This allows the inferior epigastric arterial and venus system to anastomose with the external iliac system as it extends from the pelvis to the femoral canal posterior to the inguinal ligament.

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5
Q

The superior epigastric artery and vein become the inferior epigastric artery and vein once they pass the. . .

A

. . . umbilicus.

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6
Q

The internal thoracic vascular system gives rise to. . .

A

The intercostal vascular supplies

The superior epigastric vessels

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7
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles

A
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8
Q

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

A

the greater sciatic foramen

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9
Q

The femoral nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

A

the space between the superior ramus of the ischium and the inguinal ligament.

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10
Q

The obturator nerve exits the pelvis via. . .

A

the obturator foramen, after it passes along the ilium and through the ischioanal fossa.

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11
Q

Nerves and vascular supply in the shoulder exits the axial skeleton via. . .

A

the space superior to the 1st rib and inferior to the clavicle.

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12
Q

The trapezius muscle

A

Posterior and superior in the back. Innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI), which lies just deep to it.

Enables the “shrug” as well as scapular retraction and depression (rolling your shoulders back)

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13
Q

The latissimus dorsi assists in ___ of the shoulder joint.

A

Lateral rotation and upper limb extension

Lateral rotation: ie, putting hands out infront of you as if to hold a tray, then rotating shoulders until arms are lateral.

Upper limb extension: ie, rotating arms back as if to hold a tray directly behind you.

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14
Q

Rhomboideous major and minor

A

Lie just deep to the trapezius.

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15
Q

When you take a step with your right leg, . . .

A

your contralateral (left) back intrinsic muscles (of the spine) fire in order to hold the thorax upright.

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16
Q

The ___ and ___ segments of the spine are in a lordotic posture.

A

The cervical and lumbar segments of the spine are in a lordotic posture.

17
Q

The thoracic vertebrae are in a ___ posture.

A

The thoracic vertebrae are in a kyphotic posture.

18
Q

The first cervical vertebra

A

The atlas

A ring that rotates about the second vertebra, the axis

19
Q

Facet joints

A

Where the cervical spine meets the thoracic spine, as well as between the lumbar vertebrae.

20
Q

conus medularis

A

The end of the spinal cord, where the cauda equina hangs down from.