Mutations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene mutation?

A

Change in the DNA base sequence of a chromosome

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2
Q

What happens if the order of bases is changed?

A

The sequence of amino acids in the gene may be changed

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3
Q

What does degenerate mean?

A

Some amino acids are coded for by more than one DNA triplet

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4
Q

What mutation wont always cause an effect? Why?

A

Substitution

Degenerate nature of the genetic code

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5
Q

What mutation will always cause an effect? Why?

A

Deletion

Shifts all bases right of the mutation left

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6
Q

What is a mutagenic agent?

A

Increase the rate of mutations

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7
Q

What are examples of mutagenic agents?

A

UV light
ionising radiation
some chemicals
some viruses

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8
Q

When do mutations occur?

A

Spontaneously

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9
Q

What is chromosome non-disjunction?

A

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly, causing extra copies in some cells and not enough in others

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10
Q

What causes chromosome mutations?

A

errors during meiosis

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11
Q

What is a chromosome mutation?

A

Cells produced contain variations in number of chromosomes or parts of chromosomes

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