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Phlebotomy > N-Z Vocab > Flashcards

N-Z Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

NIDA

A

National institute on drug abuse

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2
Q

NP

A

Nasopharyngeal

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3
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

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4
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

An infection acquired in a health care facility

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5
Q

Occlusion

A

Obstruction

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6
Q

Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

A

U.S. Government agency that mandates and enforces safe working conditions for employees

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7
Q

O&P

A

Ova and parasites; a test to detect the presence of intestinal parasites and their eggs in feces

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8
Q

Order of draw

A

A special sequence in tube collection that is intended to minimize additive carryover or cross-contamination problems

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9
Q

Osteochondritis

A

Inflammation of the bone and cartilage

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10
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

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11
Q

Oxalates

A

Anticoagulants that prevent clotting by precipitating calcium

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12
Q

Palmar

A

Concerning the palm of the hand

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13
Q

Palpate

A

Examine by feel or touch

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14
Q

Password

A

A secret code that uniquely identifies a person and allows him or her to become a system user

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15
Q

Patency

A

State of being freely open, as in the normal condition of the vein

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16
Q

Pathogenic

A

Capable of causing disease

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17
Q

Pathogens

A

Microbes capable of causing disease

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18
Q

Neutropenic

A

Pertaining to an abnormally small number of neutrophils in the blood.

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19
Q

Patient ID

A

The process of verifying a patient’s identity

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20
Q

Peak level

A

Drug level collected when the highest serum concentration of the drug is anticipated.

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21
Q

Per-cutaneous

A

Through the skin

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22
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

Fluid aspirated from the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart.

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23
Q

Peritoneal fluid

A

Fluid aspirated from the abdominal cavity

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24
Q

Permucosal

A

Through mucous membranes

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25
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

Protective clothing and other protective items worn by an individual

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26
Q

Petechiae

A

Tiny, nonraised red spots that appear on a patient’s skin upon tourniquet application. They are minute drops of blood that escape the capillaries and come to the surface of the skin below the tourniquet, most commonly as a result of capillary wall defects of platelet abnormalities

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27
Q

Phalanges (phalanx)

A

Bones of the fingers or toes

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28
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Incision into the vein for the purpose of drawing blood

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29
Q

Plantar surface

A

The sole or bottom surface of the foot

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30
Q

Plasma

A

The top layer of clear liquid used for testing;also the fluid portion of the blood in the living body

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31
Q

Platelets

A

Cellular elements that play a role in blood clotting

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32
Q

Pleural fluid

A

Fluid aspirated from the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

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33
Q

Polycythemia

A

A disorder involving overproduction of red blood cells

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34
Q

Posterior curvature

A

Medical term for the back of the heel

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35
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

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36
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

A mineral that is essential for normal muscle activity and the conduction of nerve impulses

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37
Q

Potassium oxalate

A

An anticoagulant commonly used with the antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride

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38
Q

Preanalytical

A

Prior to analysis

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39
Q

Primary hemostasis

A

The first two stages of coagulation process, involving vasoconstriction and the formation of the platelet plug

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40
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

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41
Q

Prothrombin test (PT)

A

A test used to evaluate the function of the extrinsic pathway and monitor coumarin therapy

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42
Q

Proxemics

A

The study of an individual’s concept and use of space

43
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to the center of the body or point of attachment

44
Q

QC

A

Quality control

45
Q

QNS

A

Quantity not sufficient

46
Q

Radial artery

A

The artery located at the thumb side of the wrist, which is the first choice and most common site used for arterial puncture

47
Q

Reference laboratories

A

Large independent labs that receive and test specimens from many different facilities

48
Q

Reference ranges

A

Normal laboratory test values for healthy individuals

49
Q

Reflux

A

The backflow of blood into a patient’s vein from the collection tube during venipuncture

50
Q

Requisition

A

The form on which test orders are entered and sent to the lab

51
Q

Reservoir

A

The source of an infectious microorganism

52
Q

Reticulocytes

A

Immature RBCs in the blood-stream that contain remnants of material from the nuclear phase

53
Q

Rh factor

A

Antigen called the D antigen, which is the basis for the Rh blood group system

54
Q

Sclerosed

A

Hardened

55
Q

Secondary hemostasis

A

Stage 3 and 4 of the coagulation process, which involve fibrin clot formation and the ultimate dissolution of the clot after healing has occurred, respectively.

56
Q

Septicemia

A

Microorganisms or their toxins in the blood

57
Q

Serum

A

Normally a clear pale-yellow fluid that can be separated from a clotted blood specimen and has the same composition as plasma except that it does not contain fibrinogen

58
Q

Shaft

A

The long cylindrical portion of the needle

59
Q

Sharps container

A

A special puncture-resistant, leak-proof, disposable container used to dispose of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects

60
Q

Short draw

A

An underfilled or partially filled tube

61
Q

Silica

A

Glass particles used to enhanced the coagulation process; clot activator

62
Q

Sodium (Na+)

A

An extracellular ion in the blood plasma that helps maintain fluid balance

63
Q

Sodium citrate

A

An anticoagulant that prevents clotting by binding calcium and is used for coagulation tests because it does the best job of preserving the coagulation factors

64
Q

Sodium fluoride

A

An additive that preserves glucose and inhibits the growth of bacteria

65
Q

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

A

An anticoagulant used in blood culture collections that also reduces the action of protein called complement, which destroys bacteria, slows down phagocytosis, and reduces the activity of certain antibiotics

66
Q

Solutes

A

Dissolved substances

67
Q

Specimen (blood)

A

As defined by the CLSI, the discrete portion of blood taken for examination, study, or analysis of one or more quantities or characteristics to determine the character of the whole

68
Q

Sputum

A

Mucus or phlegm ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs by deep coughing

69
Q

Standard precautions

A

Precautions intended to minimize the risk of infection transmission when caring for all patients regardless of their status. They apply to blood, all body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes

70
Q

Stat

A

Immediately

71
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Beneath the skin

72
Q

Supine

A

Laying on the back with the face up

73
Q

Suprapubic aspiration

A

Term used to describe a way of obtaining a urine specimen by inserting a needle directing into the urinary bladder and aspirating (with-drawing by suction) the urine directly from the bladder into a sterile syringe

74
Q

Susceptible host

A

An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent

75
Q

Syncope

A

Medical term for fainting-the loss of consciousness and postural tone that results from insufficient blood flow to the brain

76
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Viscid (sticky), colorless fluid found in joint cavities

77
Q

TAT

A

Turnaround time

78
Q

TDM

A

Therapeutic drug monitoring. Testing of drug levels at specific intervals to help establish a drug dosage, maintain the dosage at a therapeutic level, and avoid drug toxicity

79
Q

Terminal

A

A computer screen and keyboard

80
Q

Thixotropic gel

A

An inert synthetic gel substance in some ETS tubes (SSTs, PSTs, etc) that forms a physical barrier between the cells and serum or plasma when the specimen is centrifuged

81
Q

Thrombin

A

An enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin necessary for clot formation

82
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decreased platelets

83
Q

Tourniquet

A

A device applied to limb prior to venipuncture to restrict venous blood flow, which distends the veins and makes them easier to find and pierce with a needle

84
Q

Trace element-free tubes

A

Tubes made of materials that are free of trace-minerals contamination as possible

85
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

An adverse reaction between donor cells and the recipient

86
Q

Trough level

A

Drug level collected when the lowest serum concentration of the drug is expected, usually immediately prior to the administration of the next scheduled dose

87
Q

24 hour urine

A

Pooled urine specimen collected over a period of 24 hours, usually beginning in the morning

88
Q

Ulnar artery

A

Artery located on the medial aspect of little finger side of the wrist

89
Q

Universal precautions (UP)

A

Precautions established by the CDC and adopted by OSHA to prevent patient-to-personnel transmission of infection from bodily fluids. Under UP, blood and certain bodily fluids of all individuals are considered potentially infectious

90
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

A laboratory test that typically includes macroscopic, physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine specimen

91
Q

UTI

A

Ailment caused by the presence of microorganisms in one or more structures of the urinary system

92
Q

Vacuum

A

Negative pressure, or artificially caused created absence of air

93
Q

Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

94
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Stage 1 of hemostasis, in which a damaged vessel constricts to decrease the flow of blood to an injured area

95
Q

Vector transmission

A

Transmission of an infectious agent by an insect, arthropod, or animal

96
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

Transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water, drugs, or the transfusion of blood

97
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart

98
Q

Venostasis

A

Trapping of blood in an extremity by the compression of veins

99
Q

Ventral

A

To the front of the body

100
Q

Ventricles

A

The lower pumping or delivering chambers on each side of the heart

101
Q

Venules

A

The smallest veins at the junction of the capillaries

102
Q

Whole blood

A

Blood that is in the same form as when it circulated in the bloodstream

103
Q

Whorls

A

Spiral pattern of the ridges and grooves that form a fingerprint

104
Q

Work practice controls

A

Practices that alter the manner in which a task is performed so as to reduce the likelihood of bloodborne pathogen exposure

Phlebotomy (5 decks)

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