Neuro 4 - Anatomy of blood flow in CNS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro 4 - Anatomy of blood flow in CNS Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the 2 sources of blood supply to the brain?

A
  1. Internal carotid arteries

2. Vertebral arteries (posteriorly)

2
Q

What foramen does the vertebral artery run through?

A

Transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae

3
Q

At what level does the carotid artery bifurcate?

A

At the level of the Adams apple (laryngeal prominence)

4
Q

On what brain structure does the basilar artery sit?

A

The pons

5
Q

Venous drainage of blood in the brain occurs via?

A

Venous sinuses.

Largest = superior sagittal sinus

6
Q

What are the 2 types of stroke? What is more common

A

Infarction (85%)

Haemorrhage (15%)

7
Q

What is the difference between Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) and Stroke?

A

TIA’s resolve completely in 24 hours, strokes last longer than 24 hours

8
Q

Name 2 causes of occlusions?

A
  1. Thrombi

2. Embolism

9
Q

What are the RFs for stroke/

A
  1. Age
  2. Hypertension
  3. Cardiac disease
  4. Smoking
  5. T2DM
10
Q

What are the symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery stroke?

A
  1. Paralysis of contralateral leg (more than arm/face)
  2. Disturbance of intellect, executive function and judgement
  3. Loss of appropriate social behaviour
11
Q

Symptoms of stroke of middle cerebral artery

A
  1. Contralateral hemiplegia (arm > leg)
  2. Hemianopia
  3. Aphasia (L sided lesion)
  4. Contralateral hemisensory deficits
12
Q

Symptoms of stroke to posterior cerebral artery

A
  1. Visual deficits - homonymous hemianopia / visual agnosia (ability to actually recognise objects after seeing them)
13
Q

What is a lacunar infarct?

A

Small cavities that arise in deep structures of the brain due to small vessel occlusions. Deficit depends on anatomical location - may / may not be clinically relevant. Associated with hypertension

14
Q

Why do subdural haemorrhages have delayed effects?

A

Because they are lower pressure, venous bleeds

15
Q

What are the 4 types of haemorrhagic stroke

A
  1. Extradural - trauma, immediate onset
  2. Subdural - trauma, delayed onset
  3. Subarachnoid - ruptured aneurysm
  4. Intracerebral - spontaneous hypertensive
16
Q

Through what vessel can scalp infections pass through the skull into the cranial cavity?

A

Emissary vein

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