Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology III > Neuro- Final > Flashcards

Neuro- Final Flashcards

1
Q

More than _ _ Americans of all ages and both genders genders have amputations. Approximately _ individuals each year in the US.

A

1.5 million Americans have amputations

Approx. 156,000/ year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prevalence: More _ than _ are affected. More common in _ than _. Prevalence increases with _.

A

More MEN than WOMEN

More common in BLACKS than WHITES

Prevalence increases with AGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diabetes: US is _ in the world for number of individuals with diabetes. Diabetic men have a _ _ risk of amputation. Women?

A

US is 3RD in the world for number of individuals with diabetes

Diabetic men have a 10X HIGHER RISK
Diabetic women have a 14X HIGHER RISK. . . Of amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 types of vascular disease that can lead to LE amputation

A

CA

Chronic venous insufficiency
Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MVA, farming accidents, firearms, fireworks, electrical burns, power tool accidents are all examples of?

A

Trauma that can lead to LE amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_ _ in a limb might require LE amputation. What is the most common type? Peak occurrence?

A

NEOPLASTIC DISEASE in a limb . . .

BONY SARCOMA is the most common type with peak occurrence 10-25 (slightly more common in men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_ is a common complication of peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, or can be acquired in a hospital setting, which can lead to LE amputation

A

OSTEOMYELITIS is common complication . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_ _ (_) and _ _ (commonly seen with _ _) are both common infections that can lead to LE amputation.

A

SUPER BUGS (MRSA) and NECROTIZING FASCIITIS (commonly seen with E COLLI) are both common infections that . . .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surgical goals: remove _ _; construct a __ that will allow attachment of a _ or _ _ part. The _ the amputated limb; the _ _ the outcome.

A

Remove DISEASED TISSUE; construct a RESIDUAL LIMB that will allow attachment of a PROSTHESIS or ARTIFICIAL REPLACEMENT part.

The SHORTER the amputated limb; the LESS SATISFACTORY the outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Residual limb length determines: _ control; _ _ retained; total _ _; degree of _ _; number of _ _ required; _ of and _ of prosthetic limb; and possibly _ _ loss (will vary depending upon patient).

A

LEVER control; MUSCLE MASS retained; total SURFACE AREA; degree of BALANCE DISTURBANCE; number of MECHANICAL JOINTS required; WEIGHT of and COMPLEXITY of prosthetic limb; and possibly CONTRALATERAL WEIGHT loss (will vary depending upon patient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the biggest complication of amputation? Percentage? If it occurs it may require _ of _ and a _ _ at a _ _.

A

Infection is the biggest complication- 15%

IF it occurs it may require REMOVAL of PROSTHESIS and a SECOND AMPUTATION at a HIGHER LEVEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_ is caused by abrasion or compression by improper fit of dressing or prosthesis and/ or excessive weight bearing. What is the best way to prevent?

A

ULCERATION is caused by abrasion . . .

SKIN INSPECTIONS are the best way to prevent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Failure of the ‘stump’ to heal can be due to _ _ supply, _, other _, or _. What type of therapy can help with revascularization?

A

Can be due to: INADEQUATE BLOOD supply, INFECTION, other DISEASE, or SMOKING.

LEECH THERAPY can help with revascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_ _ _ is a complication of amputation that can be either _ or _.

A

RESIDUAL LIMB PAIN is a complication of amputation that can be either INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_ _ are defined as a painless awareness of the amputated part.

A

PHANTOM SENSATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_ _ is defined as a painful and disagreeable sensation experienced below the residual limb. _% of amputees experience _ _ _.

A

PHANTOM PAIN is defined as a painful . . .

80% o amputees experience PHANTOM LIMB PAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Touch, pressure, cold, wetness, itching, movement are all examples of?

A

Phantom sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dull aching, burning, stabbing, electrical shock, unnatural positioning and leg being pulled off are all examples of?

A

Commonly felt types of phantom pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The treatment for Phantom pain/ sensation will _ depending on the _.

A

Will VARY depending on the PATIENT (what works varies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Examples of treatments for phantom pain/ sensation: _ wrap or _ sock; _ the stump; wrap in _ _ or _ ; _ the _ _ ( then slowly _ _); _ or _; _ relaxation

A

EXAMPLES:

  • ACE wrap or SHRINKER sock
  • MASSAGE the stump
  • wrap in HEATING PAD OR SOFT FABRIC
  • EXERCISE the RESIDUAL LIMB (TIGHTEN then slowly RELAX MUSCLES)
  • TENS or ULTRASOUND
  • MENTAL relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for phantom pain/ sensation: _ stump with _ _; CNS _ _ (nerve _); _; electric _; sensory _; _ intervention; _; _ therapy (helps _ understand _ _ _)

A

POUNDING stump with WOODEN MALLET
CNS DESTRUCTIVE PROCEDURES (nerve ABLATION)
ACUPUNCTURE
Electric SHOCK
PSYCHOLOGICAL intervention
BIOFEEDBACK
MIRROR therapy (helps BRAIN understand WHAT IS HAPPENING)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A _ _ _ is a psychological issue that is manifesting as a physical issue.

A

A SOMATOFORM DISORDER is a . . .

23
Q

Possible causes of _ include muscle imbalance or fascial tightness, protective withdrawal reflex, loss of plantar stimulation in extension or faulty positioning.

A

Possible cause of CONTRACTURES include muscle imbalance . . .

24
Q

Contractures affect a patients _ for _, fit of _, and _ _. Also increases potential for _ _.

A

Affect patients CANDIDACY for PROSTHESIS, fit of PROSTHESES, and FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME

Also increases potential for SKIN BREAKDOWN

25
Q

Common sites for contractures include: Hip _, _ and _ _; knee _.

A

Hip FLEXION, ABDUCTION, and EXTERNAL ROTATION

Knee FLEXION

26
Q

Cardiac, lymphatic, or renal insufficiencies; lack of total contact between limb and prostheses; insufficient ply of prosthetic socks; and improper wrapping of residual limb are all _ _ of _ _

A

Are all POSSIBLE CAUSES OF DISTAL EDEMA

27
Q

Distal edema can commonly occur in _ due to changes in _ and _ _ during _ _.

A

Can commonly occur in FEMALES due to changes in WEIGHT and FLUID RETENTION during MENSTRUAL CYCLE

28
Q

PT management of amputee pt: physically prepare amputee for _ _ _ and _. _ amputee about _ _ _ and _ of sound limb. Make recommendations for _ _.

A

Physically prepare amputee for PROSTHETIC GAIT TRAINING and MOBILITY

EDUCATE amputee about RESIDUAL LIMB CARE and PRESERVATION of a sound limb

Make recommendations for PROSTHETIC COMPONENTS

29
Q

PT management of Amputee pt: _ amputee how to _ and _for _ and the _ of prosthetic gait. Introduce the amputee to _ _ of _ beyond just learning _ _

A

TEACH amputee how to USE AND CARE FOR PROSTHESIS and the BIOMECHANICS of prosthetic gait.

Introduce the amputee to HIGHER LEVELS OF ACTIVITIES beyond just learning TO WALK

30
Q

During PT evaluation check: General _, _ (hip /, knee /), _ (including color, pulse and temperature), , _ (both UE and LE), and _ ( or _ _ _ test).

A

Check:

  • general APPEARANCE
  • ROM (hip EXT/ ABD, knee FLEX/ EXT)
  • VASCULARITY (including color, pulse and temperature)
  • SENSATION
  • STRENGTH (both UE and LE)
  • ENDURANCE (2 or 6 MINUTE WALK test)
31
Q

PT evaluation: residual limb characteristics- _ and _, _ abnormalities, _ and _ _ length. _ integrity (color/ _, incision _, _ ). Pain (, _, _)

A

Residual limb characteristics- EDEMA and GIRTH, SHAPE abnormalities, BONE and SOFT TISSUE length

SKIN INTEGRITY (color/ BRUISING, incision SITE, SKIN BREAKDOWN)

Pain (INCISIONAL, PHANTOM, NEUROMA)

32
Q

PT Evaluation: Neurological status (_ and ); balance ( to _, _ _ _, and _ _ and _ tests); _ _

A

Neurological status (COGNITION AND MEMORY)

Balance (SIT TO STAND, BERG BALANCE SCALE and TIMED UP AND GO tests)

FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY

33
Q

Post op/ pre-prosthesis goals: minimize _ and promote _, prevent _ of _, increase _ and _ _, increase _and _.

A

Goals:

  • minimize EDEMA and promote HEALING
  • prevent LOSS OF ROM
  • increase LE and UE STRENGTH
  • increase MOBILITY and INDEPENDENCE
34
Q

Post op/ pre prosthesis goals: promote _ _ _ and assist with _ _; improve _ and stimulate _; and begin _ _.

A

Goals:

  • promote SOUND LIMB CARE and assist with LIMB LOSS
  • improve BALANCE and stimulate PROPRIOCEPTION
  • begin CONTROLLED AMBULATION
35
Q

Post op/ pre prosthesis- positioning for ROM and Edema control: Supine- ensure hips and knees are _ and _ _ _, avoid _ _ of stump. Prone- keep hip and knee _ and avoid _ _.

A

Positioning for ROM and Edema control:
-Supine: ensure hips and knees are STRAIGHT AND HELD CLOSE TOGETHER, avoid EXCESS ELEVATION of stump

-Prone: keep hip and knee EXTENDED and avoid HIP ROTATION

36
Q

Post op/ pre-prosthesis training- positioning for ROM and edema control: Sitting- sit with _ _, keep knees _ by using _ _ or _ attached to w/c. Standing- avoid residual limb _ while _.

A

Positioning for ROM and edema control:
Sitting- sit with LEVEL HIPS, keep knees EXTENDED by using POSTERIOR SPLINT OR BOARD attached to w/c

Standing- avoid residual limb FLEXION while STANDING

37
Q

Temporary prosthesis is comprised of a _ _with a _ liner, adjustable _ set-up and a simple _ _.

A

Is comprised of a PLASTIC SOCK with a SOFT liner, adjustable PYLON and a simple SACH FOOT

38
Q

The temporary prosthesis is casted as soon as _ are _ and _ is the _ _ _ in a row

A

The temporary prosthesis is casted as soon as STAPLES are REMOVED and CIRCUMFERENCE is the SAME FOR 2 WEEKS in a row

39
Q

Advantages to a temporary prosthesis: _ stump more _, allows for _ _ and earlier return _ _, _ _ and reduces _ _ program

A

Advantages to a temporary prosthesis:

  • SHRINKS stump more EFFECTIVELY
  • allows for BIPEDAL AMBULATION, earlier return TO WORK
  • POSITIVE MOTIVATION and reduces COMPLEX EXERCISE program
40
Q

The definitive prosthesis is casted once _ _ has stabilized _ and _. Lasts - _ before anatomical changes in the residual limb _ it’s _. Amputee requires a new prosthesis about every - _.

A

Definitive prosthesis is casted once RESIDUAL LIMB has stabilized SHAPE and SIZE

Lasts 1-2 YEARS before anatomical changes in the residual limb REQUIRES it’s REPLACEMENT

Amputee requires a new prosthesis about every 4-5 YEARS

41
Q

What are the 5 areas to evaluate when looking at gait with the prosthesis?

A

BASKS

  • balance
  • arm swing
  • step length
  • knee FLEXION
  • stepping
42
Q

At PT evaluation you may want to _ a _ of the _ _. Be sure to explain why first.

A

PT evaluation you may want to TAKE A PICTURE of the RESIDUAL LIMB

43
Q

What are the 3 muscles/ groups whose strength you want to assess in a amputee patient?

A
  • triceps (elbow extensors)
  • biceps (elbow flexors)
  • scapular stabilizers
44
Q

Gait with the prosthesis- statically assess: _, _, and _ _. Dynamically assess: knee and hip _, step _, _ rotation (easiest way to assess is using a _ _), trunk _/ _ swing, and _ of _.

A

Statistically assess: ASIS, PSIS and ILIAC CREST

Dynamically assess: knee and hip FLEXION, step LENGTH, PELVIC rotation (easiest way to assess is using a LASER POINTER), trunk ROTATION/ ARM swing, and BASE of SUPPORT

45
Q

What is one way to increase arm swing? How can you encourage?

A

Increase step length

You can encourage an increased step length by having patient guesstimate (gives them a cognitive task) how long it will take to get to door (for example)

46
Q

Ideally when observing gait and analyzing have someone _ _ . Reduces _ _.

A

Ideally when observing gait and analyzing have someone VIDEOTAPE PATIENT

Reduces PATIENT FATIGUE

47
Q

When assessing deviations in gait in an amputee you need to decide if it is the _ or _ causing the deviation. If it is _ you can _, _ or contact _. If it is the _ you should determine if it is _ or _.

A

You need to decide if it is the PATIENT or PROSTHESIS causing the deviation

If it is the PROSTHESIS you can REALIGN, REFIT, or contact PROSTHETIST

If it is the PATIENT you should determine if it is ANATOMICAL or PSYCHOLOGICAL

48
Q

During gait you should work on stool stepping/ stairs with _ _ and _ _

A

Work on stool stepping/stairs with SOUND LIMB and PROSTHETIC LIMB

49
Q

_ _ _ is also very helpful, you can utilize _ or _ _ can help strengthen muscles needed for _, _ and _ _. Backward walking is good for _ _ strengthening

A

RESISTIVE GAIT TRAINING is also very helpful, you can utilize THERABAND or RUBBER TUBING can help strengthen muscles needed for FORWARD, BACKWARD, and SIDE STEPPING

Backward walking is good for HIP EXTENSION strengthening

50
Q

Initially is a good idea to start _ _ _.

A

Good idea to start INSIDE PARALLEL BARS

51
Q

_ or _ _ (_) is a common gait deviation that is often hard to determine which one because it _ _ _. It is named based on the _ _ that the _ _.

A

MEDIAL or LATERAL WHIP (SWING) is a common gait deviation that is often hard to determine which one because it LOOKS LIKE BOTH

It is named based on the FIRST MOTION that the HEEL DOES.

52
Q

With lateral trunk bending (stance) gait the trunk leans _ _ the prosthetic leg

A

Trunk leans LATERALLY TOWARDS the prosthetic limb

53
Q

Most common cause for medial and lateral whip is _ the prosthesis in _ (not _ _ _). May be more _ with _ _.

A

Is DONNING the prosthesis in MALROTATION (not PUT ON STRAIGHT)

May be more PROMINENT with FASTER WALKING

Neurology III (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions