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NEUROLOGY > Neuroanatomy and Histology > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system consists of?

A

Brain + spinal cord.

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2
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of?

A

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves + the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and all their branches.

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3
Q

The brain stem is made up of which components?

A

Midbrain + pons + medulla oblongata.

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4
Q

Another name for the hypothalamus is?

A

Diencephalon.

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5
Q

Function of neurons in the CNS?

A

Receive information via synapses to be integrated and transmitted as electrical impulses to another neuron/ effector cell.

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6
Q

Describe the structure of most neurons in the CNS?

A

Most are multipolar with many dendrites and one axon.

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7
Q

What cells outnumber neurons in the CNS?

A

Glial cells.

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8
Q

The cell body of a neuron is known as the?

A

Soma.

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9
Q

Which cells of the retina have no axons?

A

Neurons.

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10
Q

What exists in place of connective tissue within the CNS?

A

Astrocytes.

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11
Q

What are the roles of astrocytes in the CNS?

A
  1. Support (instead of connective tissue).
  2. maintaining BBB.
  3. environmental homeostasis.
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12
Q

What type of glial cell is often described as “star-shaped”?

A

Astrocyte.

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13
Q

What cells produce myelin in the CNS (NOT the PNS)?

A

Oligodendrocytes.

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14
Q

What is a node of Ranvier?

A

Gap in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells.

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15
Q

What is the function of a node of Ranvier?

A

Facilitates rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

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16
Q

Name 4 types of Glial cell within the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal
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17
Q

What is the function of microglia within the CNS?

A

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation.

18
Q

Describe ependymal cells of the CNS?

A

Form ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines the ventricles.

19
Q

What type of cells line the ventricles of the CNS?

A

Ependymal

20
Q

What is white matter of the brain composed of?

A

Mostly myelinated axons and their support cells.

21
Q

What is grey matter of the brain composed of?

A

Many neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells.

22
Q

What type of matter is generally found on the outside of the brain tissue?

A

Grey matter.

23
Q

What type of matter is generally found on the inside of the brain tissue?

A

White matter.

24
Q

The horn of the spinal cord is composed of which type of matter?

A

Grey.

25
Q

The column of the spinal cord is composed of which type of matter?

A

White.

26
Q

The anterior horn of the spinal cord is responsible for which function?

A

Motor.

27
Q

The posterior horn of the spinal cord is responsible for which function?

A

Sensory.

28
Q

Lentiform nucleus is made up of what?

A

Putamen + Globus Pallidus.

29
Q

The Corpus Callosum connects what?

A

The two hemispheres of the brain.

30
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

The touching point of the two thalami in the midline.

31
Q

What lobe of the brain is found anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

A

Frontal lobe.

32
Q

What lobe of the brain is found posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

A

Parietal lobe.

33
Q

What lobe of the brain is found superior to the lateral sulcus and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch?

A

Parietal lobe.

34
Q

What two anatomical landmarks are used to draw the boundaries of the parietal lobe?

A

The parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch.

35
Q

What “separates” the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

The Parieto-occipital sulcus (fissure).

36
Q

What lobe lies posterior to a line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch?

A

Occipital lobe.

37
Q

What lobe lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and pre-occipital notch?

A

Temporal lobe.

38
Q

List the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep.

A
  1. Dura mater.
  2. Arachnoid mater.
  3. Pia mater.
39
Q

Which layer of the meninges contains the subarachnoid space and CSF?

A

Arachnoid mater.

40
Q

What name is given to the nervous system running from the oesophagus to the rectum?

A

Enteric Nervous System.

41
Q

What makes up the Circle of Willis (6)?

A
  1. Anterior Cerebral Arteries
  2. Middle Cerebral Arteries
  3. Internal Carotid Arteries
  4. Basilar Artery
  5. Vertebral Arteries
  6. Posterior Cerebral Arteries
42
Q

The dural venous sinuses drain to where?

A

The internal jugular vein.

NEUROLOGY (43 decks)

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