Neurobiology and Neurochemistry of Cognition Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurobiology and Neurochemistry of Cognition Deck (10)
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1
Q

what is brocas area responsible for?

A

controls motor functions involved with speech production

lower portion of the left frontal lobe

2
Q

what is wernickes area responsible for?

A

is responsible for the comprehension of speech

is damaged - wernickes aphasia (say random words not related to question asked)

temporal lobe on the left side

3
Q

what part of brain is thought to be metabolically overactive in depression?

A

brodmann area 25

4
Q

how do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmie) work in Alzheimers?

A

boost cholinergic transmission (boosts memory) but doesnt treat underlying pathological process

5
Q

what role does memantine have in Alzheimers?

A

low affinity voltage dependent non-competitive antagonist of NDMA receptors
may preferentially inhibit excessive NMDA receptor activation associated with excitotoxicity and spare normal function

6
Q

what symptoms do you tend to get with frontotemporal dementia?

A

behavioural changes
progressive non-fluent aphasia
semantic dementia

7
Q

what causes wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

thiamine deficiency

8
Q

what are symptoms of wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

ophthalmoplegia
confusion
ataxia

also visual impairment, hearing impairment, reduced conscious level, hypothermia, lactic acidosis, circulatory changes

give IM/IV pabrinex then oral thiamine

9
Q

give examples of alcohol related brain damage?

A
wernickes encephalopathy 
korsakoff syndrome 
myelin sheath degradation 
neuroinflammation
fall -> subdural haematoma
10
Q

what are symptoms of korsakoff syndrome?

A

anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories)
may get retrograde amnesia
telescoping of events (think they happened more recent than they did)