Neurodegenerative Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurodegenerative Disease Deck (25)
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1
Q

Dementia vs. delirium

A

Dementia striahgt line down

Delirium may be up and down

2
Q

Dementia labs

A
Blood count for anemia 
B12 
Thyroid and ovarian hormones 
Infections 
AI
3
Q

Clinical manifestations of AD

A

Early recent memory decline
Loss of spontanetity and intitiative
Eventually trouble finding words, diminsed interests
Late - aparthetic, needs assitance

4
Q

Risk factors of AD

A
Age 
Genetic (APP, presinilin 1 and 2)...autodominant and early onset
Apolipoprotein E-4 (late onset)
Low edu
Head injury
5
Q

AD criteria

A

Tangles
Neuritic amyloid plaques
Abeta amyloid plaques

6
Q

Tangles vs. plaques

A

Tanges - intracell

Amyloid plaques - extra

7
Q

Conversion of tau into tangles

A

Tau is with MTs…can become tangled

First affect HC and amygdala

8
Q

Amyloid (neuritic) plauqes

A

Made of polymers of part of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP)

9
Q

Amyloid cascade hypothesis

A

Amyloid plaques are intitial event in AD that eventually cause the tangles

10
Q

Excitotoxic hypothesis

A

Impaired glutamate homeostasis leads to NMDA activatiojn…excess Ca…neuron death from chronic insult…decreased memory and learning

11
Q

Alpha synuclein

A

Predominantly expressed in neurons (esp presynaptic temrinals)

12
Q

DLB core features and supportive

A

Flucutating cog impairment with variations in attention and alertness
Recurrent visual halllucinations
Parkinsonism

Falls
Loss of consciousness
Neuroleptic sensitivity
Systematized delusions 
Non-visual haluciatiins
13
Q

PD demographics

A

Age-associated
Males>females
Onset at 58-62

14
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms of PD

A

Rigidity
Akinesia
Tremor
Dysarthria

15
Q

Risk for parkinsons

A

Age
RUral
Genetics
Male

16
Q

FTD big three changes

A

Bahvioral and perosnalithy changes, emoitonla changes, disinhibiton

Lack of insight and judgement

Language dissolution

17
Q

FTD vs FTLD

A

Frontotemporal dementia - clinical

Frontotemprol lobar degenerations - pathological

18
Q

HD onset age and lcinical findings

A

35-40

Chorea, dementia, personality changes

19
Q

Biochem of HD

A

Decreased GABA, GAD, CAT

20
Q

HD genetics

A

HD - 36-121 CAG repeats in huntingtin gene on chr 4

21
Q

HD gross

A

Erosion of head of caudate by expansion of lateral ventricle horns

22
Q

ALS

A

LMN - muscle atrophy,, fasciculations, loss of reflexes

UMN - spasticity, hyperreflexia, patho reflexes

23
Q

ALS patho

A

Degeneration of anterior root of spinal cord (motor only)…corticospinal tract

24
Q

Spinocerebellar ataxias

A

Will affect the DCML but leave the motor alone

25
Q
AD 
LBD 
FTD
HD
ALS 

Clinical, specific, NT, NA, Protein

A

AD - dementia, memory, Ach, HC, Nucleus of meynert, Beta-App and tau

LBD - Movement, tremor, dopmaine, substantia nigra and MB, alpha synuclein

FTD - dementia, disinhibition, Tau and others

HD - incapcity, chorea, basal ganglia (specifically caudate), huntingin

ALS - weakness, fasciulations, motor neurons in spinal cord AND brain, superoxide dismutates