Neurodiagnostics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurodiagnostics Deck (28)
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1
Q

Normal CSF pressure

A

70-180 mm H20

2
Q

Normal CSF total protein

A

15-60 mg/100ml

3
Q

Normal CSF glucose

A

50-80 mg/100ml

4
Q

Normal CSF cell count

A

0-5 WBCs and no RBCs

5
Q

Site of lumbar puncture

A

L3-L4 or L4-L5

6
Q

CI to lumbar puncture

A

increased ICP, spinal cord mass, uncontrolled bleeding diathesis, spinal column deformities

7
Q

xanthochromia

A

yellow, orange or pink CSF from lysis of RBCs (occurs within 2 hours, lasts 2 weeks)

8
Q

How do you distinguish between viral and bacterial meningitis?

A

Meningitis WBC < 100 (predominance of lymphocytes) more likely viral, WBC > 100 more (predominance of PMNs) likely bacterial meningitis

9
Q

CSF has positive India ink stain

A

cryptococcus

10
Q

CSF has positive Wright or Geisma stain

A

toxoplasmosis

11
Q

One of the most sensitive indicators of CNS pathology

A

CSF protein

12
Q

When is the CSF glucose level low?

A

CNS bacterial infection

13
Q

Measures how well and how fast the peripheral nerves send the signals. Evalution of entrapment neuropathies (carpal tunnel) and Guillian-Barre’

A

Nerve conduction velocity

14
Q

Measures the electrical activity of muscles during rest and contraction. Evaluate herniated disc, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or myasthenia gravis

A

Electromyelography (EMG)

15
Q

Why does NCV not work for assessing diabetic neuropathy?

A

NCV only measures velocity of fastest conducting fibers and diabetic neuropathy affects small nerve fibers

16
Q

Used to differentiate organic causes of encephalopathy or delirium, to distinguish epileptic seizures from other causes, testing for brain death, and to determine if you should wean anti-epileptic meds

A

EEG

17
Q

wave forms labeled according to their amplitude

A

Delta 0-4 Hz, Theta 4-8 Hz, Alpha 8-12 Hz, Beta greater than 12 Hz

18
Q

What type of waves indicated increased slow activity in the brain due to focal brain lesion?

A

theta and delta waves

19
Q

Indicative of focal brain lesion

A

polymorphic delta activity (PDA)

20
Q

Indication of encephalopathy

A

Generalized theta and delta activity

21
Q

When looking for neoplasm, infection, vascular dz, inflammatory dz, should you use IV contrast?

A

yes

22
Q

What does a new hemorrhage look like on CT?

A

bright

23
Q

What does water/CSF look like on CT?

A

dark

24
Q

Difference between subdural and intracerebral hematoma

A

subdural is located between dura and arachnoid mater whereas intracerebral is localized within the brain substance

25
Q

water/CSF is dark, fat is bright, White matter is brighter than gray matter

A

T1 MRI

26
Q

water is bright, blood is bright, White matter is darker than gray matter

A

T2 MRI

27
Q

Gold standard for imaging the carotid arteries and evaluating cerebral aneurysms after subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

cerebral angiography

28
Q

Patient exhibits: + Babinsky. Right sided hemi-paresis/paralysis. Hypereflexia. Mental Confusion. Amnesia. Slurred Speech. MRI shows displaced left cerebrum. Dx?

A

left subdural hematoma