Neurologic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

CSF fluid:

A

Color: clear, colorless.
Pressure: 3x a day.

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2
Q

Urgent indications for LP:

A
  1. Suspected CNS infection except abscess or parameningeal process.
  2. Suspected SAH if CT negative.
  3. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension = pseudotumor cerebri
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3
Q

Non-urgent indications for LP

A
  1. CNS malignancies or carcinomatous meningits
  2. TB meningitis, CNS syphilis
  3. CNS vasculitis or paraneoplastic syndromes
  4. NPH
  5. Demyelinating disease (MS)
  6. GBS
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4
Q

Contraindications for LP:

A
  1. Possible raised ICP
  2. Thrombocytopenia or other bleeding diseases.
  3. Suspected spinal epidural abscess
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5
Q

Potential LP complications

A
  • back pain
  • post-LP HA
  • infection
  • bleeding
  • cerebral herniation
  • minor neurologic symptoms: radicular pain, numbness
  • late onset epidermoid tumors of the thecal sac
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6
Q

LP need insertion site:

A

Once at L3/L4 or L4/L5 interspace

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7
Q

LP findings in Bacterial Meningitis:

A
Color: turbid yellow
Pressure: elevated
WBC count: >1000
Diff count(predominance): PMNs
Protein: Mild/Marked elevation
Glucose: Mild/Marked Low
Gram Stain: Positive 60-90%
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8
Q

LP findings in Viral Meningitis:

A
Color: clear
Pressure: normal
WBC count: 10-100
Diff count(predominance): Lymphocytes
Protein: Normal to Elevated
Glucose: Normal
Gram Stain: Negative
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9
Q

LP findings in Tuberculous Meningitis:

A
Color: Fibrin Web Yellowish
Pressure: variable
WBC count: 10-100
Diff count(predominance): Lymphocytes
Protein: Markedly Elevated
Glucose: Low
Gram Stain: Negative
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10
Q

LP findings in Fungal Meningitis:

A
Color: Fibrin Web Yellowish
Pressure: variable
WBC count: 10-100
Diff count(predominance): Lymphocytes
Protein: Elevated
Glucose: Low
Gram Stain: Negative
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11
Q

Indications for EEG:

A
  • Unexplained episodes of altered consciousness
  • Unexplained state of altered of consciousness
  • Observed seizure w/o regaining consciousness
  • Monitoring of iatrogenic coma
  • Confirmation of Brain Death
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12
Q

EMG is:

A

A technique for characterizing the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles

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13
Q

NCS:

A

Evaluates the electrical characteristics of signals that propagate along cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and smaller peripheral nerves

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14
Q

EMG is contraindicated in:

NCS is contraindicated in:

A

EMG contrainidicated if clotting abnormalities.

NCS contraindicated if implanted cardiac defibrillator.

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15
Q

EMG characteristics in neuropathic disease:

A
  1. Increased AP amplitude
  2. Increased duration of individual APs
  3. Increased number of muscle fiber per motor unit (reinnervation)
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16
Q

EMG characteristics in Myopathic disease:

A
  1. Decreased AP amplitude
  2. Decreased duration of individual APs
  3. Decreased number of muscle fiber per motor unit (muscle fiber loss)
17
Q

NCS parameters:

A
  1. Amplitude
  2. Morphology
  3. Velocity
18
Q

NCS pattern in axonal loss:

A

Decreased amplitude

19
Q

NCS pattern in proximal stimulation of demylination:

A

Altered morphology