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Paramedic 2 > Neurology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurology Deck (27)
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0
Q

How many people are affected by epilepsy

A

3 million people

1
Q

How many people have strokes every year and how many die?

A

795,000 people have stroke

150,000 die

2
Q

How many Americans are diagnosed with parkinsons disease each year?

A

50,000 Americans

3
Q

What is the resting state in a neuron?

A

Positively charged on the outside and negatively charged on the inside (Polarised, sodium on the outside, potassium on the inside)

4
Q

When electrically stimulated what happens to Sodium and Potassium levels in the cell?

A

Sodium is rapidly surged into the cell and potassium is rapidly discharged from the cell.

5
Q

How many bones make up the spine and what are they called?

A
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccygeal
6
Q

What is the purpose and use of the cerebrum?

A

Governs all sensory and motor actions

Intelligence learning analysis memory and language

7
Q

What is the Pons?

A

Connection between the brain and the spinal cord

8
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

Center for controlling respiration, cardiac activity, vasomotor activity

9
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates fine motor movement, Posture, equilibrium, and muscle tone.

10
Q

Where is speech function controlled in the cerebrum?

A

The temporal lobe

11
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex located?

A

The frontal lobe of the brain

12
Q

What percent of the bodies blood flow goes to the brain?

A

20%

13
Q

Afferent fibers transmit impulses from to where?

A

To the CNS from the body

14
Q

Efferent fibers carry impulses from where to where?

A

CNS to the body

15
Q

What is the area of skin that each nerve root that it supplies?

A

Dermatone

16
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Reflexes are protective

Spinal cord stimulates appropriate muscles to remove part of body closest to the perceived threat

Reflex actions lack fine motor control

17
Q

What do pupils dilated and not reactive possibly indicate?

A

brainstem injury or serious brain anoxia

18
Q

What can dilated pupils that are reactive to light may be a sign of?

A

Intracranial pressure

19
Q

What may constricted pupils suggest?

A

toxic etiology for altered mental status

20
Q

What are 5 abormal respiratory patterns?

A
Cheyne-stokes respirations
Kussmauls
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Ataxic respirations
Apneustic repsirations
21
Q

Patients with neurologic dysfunction have worse outcomes due to excessive what?

A

Oxygen

22
Q

What is cushings triad?

A

Increased blood pressure
Decreased pulse
Irregular respirations

23
Q

What is the pneumonic for altered mental status?

A

AEIOU-TIPS

Acidosis/Alcohol
Epilepsy
Infection, Sepsis
Overdose
Uremia (Kidney Failure)

Trauma, tumor, toxins
insulin
Psychosis, poison
Strokes, seizure

24
Q

what is tPA?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

Designed to dissolve and break up clots.

Be mindful that tPA is not selective about clots, be mindful for patients with recent surgery and monitor for external and internal bleeding.

25
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

Plaque deposits form on the inner walls of the arteries

26
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of thrombotic stroke

A

Often patient awakening at night with altered mental status or loss of speech, sensory or motor function.