Neurology - Upper Limb Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neurology - Upper Limb Deck (15)
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0
Q

UMN lesion; tone, power, reflexes, plantars, coordination, other features

A
Tone: spastic
Power: reduced
Reflexes: brisk
Plantars: up
Coordination: reduced
Other features: clonus
1
Q

LMN lesion; tone, power, reflexes, plantars, coordination, other features

A
Tone: reduced
Power: reduced
Reflexes: reduced
Plantars: down
Coordination: normal
Other features: wasting fasiculations
2
Q

Extrapyramidal lesion; tone, power, reflexes, plantars, coordination, other features

A
Tone: rigid
Power: normal
Reflexes: normal
Plantars: down
Coordination: reduced
Other features: TRAP
3
Q

Cerebellar lesion; tone, power, reflexes, plantars, coordination, other features

A
Tone: reduced
Power: normal
Reflexes: normal
Plantars: down
Coordination: very reduced
Other features: VANISHED
4
Q

Pain and temperature pathway and pathology Ddx

A

Pathway: spinothalamic
Ddx: syringomyelia

5
Q

Vibration, proprioception and fine touch pathway and pathology Ddx

A

Pathway: dorsal column
Ddx: tabes dorsalis, b12/folate deficiency (subacute combined degeneration of the cord - SCDC)

6
Q

Syringomyelia - pathophysiology, signs

A

Pathophysiology: expansion of central canal due to CSF blockage
Signs:
1. Loss of pain and temperature sensation (arms, shoulder and upper body - ‘Cape like’)
2. LMN signs in upper limbs
3. Spastic paraparesis in lower limbs
4. Dorsal column sensation affected if severe
5. Syringobulbia if syrinx extends into brainstem

7
Q

Erb’s palsy signs

A

Injury to C5-7 - shoulder dystocia during birth

  1. Sensory loss down lateral arm
  2. ‘Waiter’s tip’ position (shoulder adducted, arm internally rotated, forearm pronated)
8
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Injury to C8-T1 - excessive arm traction during birth

  1. Sensory loss in medial forearm and hand
  2. Complete claw hand
  3. Wasting of small muscles in hand
  4. Horner’s syndrome may coexist
9
Q
  1. Sensory loss down lateral arm

2. ‘Waiter’s tip’ position (shoulder adducted, arm internally rotated, forearm pronated)

A

Erb’s palsy

10
Q
  1. Sensory loss in medial forearm and hand
  2. Complete claw hand
  3. Wasting of small muscles in hand
A

Klumpke’s palsy

11
Q
Tone: reduced
Power: reduced
Reflexes: reduced
Plantars: down
Coordination: normal
Other features: wasting, fasiculations
A

LMN lesion

12
Q
Tone: spastic
Power: reduced
Reflexes: brisk
Plantars: up
Coordination: reduced
Other features: clonus
A

UMN lesion

13
Q
Tone: rigid
Power: normal
Reflexes: normal
Plantars: down
Coordination: reduced
Other features: TRAP
A

Extrapyramidal lesion

14
Q
Tone: reduced
Power: normal
Reflexes: normal
Plantars: down
Coordination: very reduced
Other features: VANISHED
A

Cerebellar lesion