Neurons & Glia Flashcards

1
Q

Microglia

A

Major phagocytic cells of the CNS; in response to tissue damage, microglia undergo rapid proliferation to clear debris from the brain

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2
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Myelin-forming cells of the CNS; each oligodendrocyte may myelinate several nearby axons

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3
Q

Schwann cells

A

Myelin-forming cells of the PNS; each Schwann cell myelinates only a single axon

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4
Q

Astrocytes

A

Large glia located in the CNS; functions include:

  1. Reabsorption of K+ from the extracellular space
  2. Reabsorption of Glutamate and recycling into glutamine
  3. Functional hyperemia
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5
Q

2 mechanisms of functional hyperemia

A
  1. Active neurons generate NO, which diffuses into blood vessels causing local dilation
  2. Uptake of glutamate by astrocytes causes release of intracellular stores of arachidonic acid; enzyme P450 catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to EET, which is released and hyperpolarizes nearby arterioles causing a decrease in vascular tone
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