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Flashcards in Neuropathies Deck (21)
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1
Q

Which types of nerve fibres are the largest? (2)

A

Motor fibres, and sensory fibres for touch, vibration, position and proprioception

2
Q

What happens when large motor fibres (LMN) are damaged?

A

Symptoms of weakness, muscle wasting, reduced power and absent reflexes

3
Q

Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction (and which type affected) (5)

A
Postural hypotension (S)
Erectile dysfunction (P)
Nausea and vomiting due to gastroparesis (P)
Horner's (S)
Holmes-Adie pupil (P)
4
Q

In what situation would the sensation of pin prick and temperature be reduced?

A

When small sensory fibres are damaged

5
Q

What is a “neuropathic” gait?

A

High stepping gait

6
Q

Describe the pattern of length dependent neuropathy

A

“Glove and stocking”- “rolls up” the legs and arms as the severity increases

7
Q

Most commmon cause of a glove and stocking distribution of sensory loss/weakness

A

Diabetic neuropathy

8
Q

Damage to one of more peripheral nerves, usually in association with a systemic cause (WARDS PLC?)

A

Mononeuritis multiplex

9
Q

Two common causes of mononeuritis multiplex

A

Diabetes mellitus

Rheumatoid arthritis

10
Q

Differential diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

C8 radiculopathy

11
Q

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, often following an infection

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

12
Q

What are the symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome? (1)

A

Progressive ascending paraplegia

13
Q

Management of Guillain-Barre syndrome (2)

A

IV immunoglobulin and plasma exchange

25% require mechanical ventilation

14
Q

Causes of death in Guillain-Barre syndrome (2)

A

Cardiac arrhythmias due to autonomic failure

Type 2 respiratory failure

15
Q

Two chronic demyelinating neuropathies

A

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

16
Q

How does Charcot-Marie-Tooth present?

A

In puberty with weak legs and foot drop with variable sensory/reflex loss; also causes atrophy of hands and legs

17
Q

Inheritance of CMT disease

A

Most common mutation is inherited autosomal dominantly

18
Q

Treatment of vasculitic axonal neuropathies

A

Prednisolone + cyclophosphamide

19
Q

Treatment of demyelinating inflammatory neuropathies

A

IV immunoglobulin, steroids, DMARDs

20
Q

Mostly motor polyneuropathies (3)

A

CMT
Lead poisoning
Guillaine Barre

21
Q

Mostly sensory polyneuropathies (3)

A

Diabetic
Renal failure
Leprosy