Neurotoxicity Flashcards Preview

Toxicology > Neurotoxicity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurotoxicity Deck (26)
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1
Q

what makes the nervous system so vulnerable

A
high energy demand
high oxygen demand
unique cell form
high lipid environment
signal transmission across extracellular space
2
Q

what protection does the nervous system have

A

blood brain barrier

3
Q

cell death of neural cells leads to

A

neuronopathies

4
Q

neuronopathies result in

A

irreversible, permanent loss

5
Q

examples of chemicals that cause neuonopathies

A

doxorubicin
methyl mercury
trimethyltin

6
Q

anti-cancer drug, intercalates in DNA, active in ganglia with less BBB protection

A

doxorubicin

7
Q

methyl mercury causes what disease

A

minamata disease

8
Q

massive degeneration of neural tissue, blindness, retardation, ataxia, variety of cellular targets: mitochondria, ribosomes

A

methyl mercury

9
Q

organometallic, as MeHg

A

trimethyltin

10
Q

chemical transection of axon, no cell death

A

axonopathies

11
Q

where is the first place that neuropathy happens

A

peripheral neuropathy in hands and feet

12
Q

examples of chemicals that cause axonopathies

A

hexane
carbon disulfide
acrylamide
plant alkaloids

13
Q

activation by CYP to diketone, pyrrole formation causing axon swelling and degeneration

A

hexane

14
Q

“stocking and glove distribution”, sensory and motor problems

A

carbon disulfide

15
Q

affect microtubules and axonal transport

A

plant alkaloids

16
Q

separation of myelin sheets, or total demyelination which affects signal speed and regularity

A

myelinopathies

17
Q

are myelinopathies reversible

A

yes in schwann cells of PNS

18
Q

examples of chemicals that cause myelinopathies

A

hexachlorophene

metals (tellurium and lead)

19
Q

an antibiotic used on premature children, lipophilic

A

hexachlorophene

20
Q

encephalopathy, damage to endothelial cells, cerebral edema, demyelination, relation with intelligence at low doses

A

metals such as tellurium and lead

21
Q

what happens with neurotransmission effects

A

no visible damage but altered behavior/performance

22
Q

multiple pathways of neurotransmission effects (5)

A
synthesis
release
receptor interactions
transformation
reuptake
23
Q

acetylcholinesterase breaks acetylcholine down into

A

acetate and choline

24
Q

what amino acids acts as a transmitter

A

glutamate

25
Q

how does glutamate work as a neurotransmitter

A

excitotoxin

26
Q

four characteristics for organic solvents

A

small lipophilic molecules
occupational exposure/solvent sniffing
general depression of CNS
from excitation to sedation to CNS balance