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Flashcards in New Ideas & Ideologies Deck (41)
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1
Q

What led Lenin and the Bolshevik’s to ‘act first and justify later?’

A

The need to retain and consolidate control.

2
Q

Where in Europe did the Bolsheviks believe revolution would strike next?

A

Germany

3
Q

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?

A

3 March 1918

4
Q

What was the effect of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on Russia?

A

Russia lost some of it’s territories

5
Q

What affect did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk have on Soviet Russia?

A

It sent the precedent for Socialism at home, putting peace before the spread of Revolution.

6
Q

Which of Russia’s territories became independed states after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

A

Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania & Poland.

7
Q

How much of Russia’s population was lost after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

A

62 million people.

8
Q

Why did Lenin sideline The Petrograd Soviet?

A

it contained Non-Bolshevik socialists

9
Q

What did Lenin form to replace the Petrograd Soviet?

A

The Bolshevik-only sovnarkom.

10
Q

What happened when civilians demonstrated against Lenin’s dispersal of the Constituent Assembly?

A

They were fired at and 12 killed.

11
Q

What date did the Bolsheviks officially become the ‘Communist Party?’

A

March 1918

12
Q

When did the Bolsheviks truly obtain their ‘One Party State.’

A

March 1918, from then on they governed alone.

13
Q

How did Lenin justify the formation of the Cheka?

A

the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat would require active repression of counter-revolutionary enemies.

14
Q

What years did the new communist state become more associated with ‘terror?’

A

1918-20

15
Q

Between 1918-20, who fell victim to the Communist Terror?

A

former tsarists, right-wing social revolutionaries.

16
Q

How did the Civil War effect Bolshevik control?

A

demands of obedience to the party tightened.

17
Q

What was War Communism?

A

new central controls to manage the economy.

18
Q

What was Central planning?

A

nationalisation of industry

19
Q

What year did Lenin call for the ban on Factions?

A

1921

20
Q

What happened to the independence movements of the ethnic minorities?

A

They were denounced as Counter-Revolutionary

21
Q

What year was Lenin’s death?

A

1924

22
Q

How were the Mensheviks destroyed as a political force?

A

5000 arrests for ‘counter-revolutionary’ activity.

23
Q

What happened at the 1922 show trial of Social revolutionaries?

A

34 leaders were condemned, 11 executed & the party outlawed.

24
Q

What information was disclosed in Lenin’s ‘testament?’

A

his critical opinion of members of the Politburo.

25
Q

What year did Lenin write his testament?

A

1922

26
Q

Which members of the Politburo were criticised in Lenin’s testament?

A

Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Trotsky & Stalin

27
Q

Why wasn’t the testament publicly read as intended?

A

The Central Committee decided to suppress it.

28
Q

How was Stalin able to block Trotsky as Lenin’s successor?

A

By forming a political alliance with Zinoviev and Kamenev.

29
Q

How did Stalin make sure that Trotsky had few supporters?

A

By manipulating his position as General Secretary so that only 3 Trotsky supporters were elected into the Central Committee.

30
Q

How did Stalin use Lenin’s funeral to his advantage?

A

He told Trotsky the wrong date for the funeral.

31
Q

What date was Trotsky forced from his position as Commissar of War?

A

Dec, 1925.

32
Q

Why, when Zinoviev and Kamenev oppose Stalin are they unsuccessful?

A

The delegates are mostly Stalinists.

33
Q

What date do Zinoview and Kamenev join Trotsky?

A

Nov 1926.

34
Q

How does Stalin react to Zinoviev and Kamenev joining Trotsky?

A

He expels them from the Party and Central Committees.

35
Q

How is Stalin able to eliminate Bukharin as a rival for power?

A

Bukharin attempts to become allied with Trotsky; Stalin accuses them both of Factionalism.

36
Q

When does Stalin deport Trotsky?

A

Feb 1929.

37
Q

Where is Trotsky deported to?

A

Constantinople.

38
Q

What year was Lenin’s ‘New Economic Policy?’ (NEP)

A

1921

39
Q

Which members of the Politburo advocated the NEP?

A

The ‘right,’ Bukharin, Rykov & Tomsky.

40
Q

Which members wanted to abandon the NEP?

A

Trotsky, Zinoviev & Kamenev, the left.

41
Q

Which of Stalin’s ideologies supported him as leader?

A

His belief in ‘socialism in one country,’ which continued Lenin’s ideologies.
Trotsky still favoured the worldwide revolution.