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Flashcards in New material for Final Part 2 Deck (33)
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1
Q

T/F: Brodie’s abscess formations may be sterile with no mcroorganisms cultured.

A

True

2
Q

What is the main way to differentiate infections from tumors on xray?

A

infections do not respect growth plates or joint spaces

3
Q

What is the proper treatment for bone infections?

A

coffee enemas

…jk it’s antibiotics.

4
Q

Joint effusion, juxtaarticular osteoporosis, erosions, joint space loss, and lytic destruction that CROSSES THE JOINT space…what is this?

A

septic arthritis

5
Q

How many mm is the teardrop distance?

A

> 11mm and >2mm difference from the opposite joint

6
Q

unilateral sacroilitis

A

think infection

7
Q

Where do spinal infections begin in adolescents?

In adults?

A

in the disc (still vascular);

anterior endplates then disc then soft tissue (paraspinal mass)

8
Q

Where are spinal infections most common?

A

lumbars

9
Q

What joints have a higher incidence of infection in IV drug users?

A

SI joints

10
Q

What are some early radiographic features of bone infection?

A

rapid disc space loss and/or endplate destruction

11
Q

T/F: Osteomyelitis typically shows up in the first week on plain films.

A

False;

12
Q

t/F: Osteomyelitis may show up on bone scintigraphy within hours.

A

True

13
Q

What type of imaging gives a direct view of intramedullary disorders and may precede bone scan findings?

A

MRI

14
Q

T/F: Osteomyelitis findings on MRI will show increased (white) signal intensity on T1 and decreased on T2.

A

False; white is right on T1 so pathology findings are dark or decreased on T1, increased on T2

15
Q

What is the classic finding associated with osteomyelitis in the spine?

A

disc space loss with endplate destruction

16
Q

Word association: Nonsuppurative osteomyelitis, Pott’s disease, and mycobacterium

A

Tuberculosis

17
Q

What is the most common cause of infection-related death in the world, with 15 million people infected in the US?

A

Tuberculosis

18
Q

T/F: Only 1-3% of TB cases involve the skeleton, but this is the most common secondary form of TB

A

true

19
Q

TB in the skeleton usually involves weight-bearing joints and multiple levels. What is the most common area for TB in the skeleton?

A

TL junction

20
Q

How does TB of the spine look different than osteomyelitis?

A

multiple level involved and paraspinal cold abscesses with Ca+

21
Q

Word association: weight loss, fever, chills, night sweats, Gibbous formation and granulomas on chest film in 50%

A

TB

22
Q

What is the Phemister’s Triad?

A

sign of tuberculosis septic arthritis:

Juxtarticular osteoporosis, marginal erosions, and slow joint space loss

23
Q

What is the term for death of osseous cellular and marrow components of bone with an epiphyseal predispostion, especially of the femur head and humeral head?

A

Avascular Necrosis

24
Q

What are some synonyms for avascular necrosis (AVN)?

A

osteonecrosis, ischemic necrosis, or osteochondrosis

25
Q

When does epiphyseal necrosis (AVN) become clinically evident?

A

with articular surface collapse

26
Q

Surgery, trauma, alcoholism, and corticosteroid use are common etiologies for AVN but what is the most common etiology?

A

spontaneous/idiopathic

27
Q

What is the term for AVN in children?

A

Legg-Perthes disease

28
Q

The acronym PLASTIC RAGS is used to list the different causes of AVN. What does it stand for?

A
Pancreatitis/pregnancy
Legg-Perthes disease/Lupus
Alcoholism/Atherosclerosis
Steroids
Trauma
Idiopathic/Infection
Caisson disease/Collagen disease
Rheumatoid arthritis/Radiation treatment
Amyloid
Gaucher disease
Sickly cell disease/spontaneous
29
Q

What is the time frame from initial infarction to healed deformity with AVN?

A

2-8 years

30
Q

During the revascularization phase of AVN, new bone is deposited directly onto dead bone, thickening the trabeculation and increasing bone density. What is this termed?

A

“creeping substitution”

31
Q

What are some general radiological feature of epiphyseal infarction?

A
mottled trabecular pattern
fragmentation
collapse of articular cortex
sclerosis
subchondral cysts
subchondral fracture
32
Q

When are mottled trabeculation patterns associated with AVN most commonly seen?

A

during the revascularization and repair phases

33
Q

“Rim Signs” or “Crescent Signs” are aunt minnie signs associated with AVN. What do these signs indicate?

A

subchondral fractures separating articular cortex from cancellous bones