Non-reproductive features of the Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards Preview

LSS 2 - Abdomen and Pelvis Anatomy - Laz > Non-reproductive features of the Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Flashcards in Non-reproductive features of the Pelvis and Perineum Deck (33)
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1
Q

What type of joint in the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial Joint

2
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

3
Q

What are the three main parts of the pelvis?

A

Ischium, pubic, ilium

4
Q

What is the name of the surface that articulates with the head of the femur?

A

Acetabular fossa

5
Q

What is considered the ‘true pelvis’?

A

Within the pelvic inlet.

6
Q

What constitutes the pelvic wall?

A

Sacrum, coccyx and pelvic bones

7
Q

What are the two main ligaments in the true pelvis?

A

Sacrospinous (sacrum to the ischial spine)

Sacrotuberous (sacrum to the ischial tuberosity)

8
Q

Describe the orientation of the pelvic cavity.

A

The axis of the pelvic cavity is at a 45 degree angle to the axis of the abdominal cavity

9
Q

Which muscle lines most of the pelvic bone facing the pelvic cavity?

A

Obturator internus

10
Q

Where does the obturator internus insert and what other muscle inserts here?

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur - the piriformis also inserts here

11
Q

What muscle overlays the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Coccygeus muscle

12
Q

What are the three main muscles of the pelvic floor and what are they called collectively?

A

Iliococcygeus muscle
Pubococcygeus muscle
Puborectalis muscle
These muscles make up Levator Ani

13
Q

What forms the border between the obturator internus and the levator ani?

A

Tendinous arch of obturator internus fascia

14
Q

What other ligament is found in these group of muscles?

A

Anococcygeal ligament

15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator ani?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4) and directly from S4

16
Q

What are the openings in the levator ani?

A

Urethra, vagina and anus

17
Q

What is the structure that is formed by the levator ani?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

18
Q

What is the name of the fat-filled space between the levator ani and the obturator internus in a male?

A

Ischio-anal fossa

19
Q

What are the two sphincters in the urethra of a male?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

External urethral sphincter

20
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra? How long is it?

A

Preprostatic, prostatic, membranous and spongy

20 cm

21
Q

Describe the arrangement of the uterus and the bladder in women.

A

The uterus sits on top of the bladder

22
Q

What is different about the urethral sphincters in women?

A

Women have a poorly organised internal sphincter.

External urethral sphincter is skeletal muscle surrounding the urethra in the deep perineal pouch.

23
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter of women found?

A

In the deep perineal pouch

24
Q

What are two additional groups of muscle found in females?

A

Sphinter urethrovaginalis

Compressor urethrae

25
Q

Describe the shape of an empty bladder.

A

Tetrahedral

26
Q

What are the structures are each corner of the tetrahedron?

A

The posterior vertices have the ureters coming from them. The anterior vertex has the median umbilical ligament. The posterior inferior vertex has the urethra coming from it.

27
Q

Describe the structure of the rectum.

A

It has a double S bend. There are three transverse rectal folds (superior, middle and inferior). Keeps the load off the sphincter.

28
Q

What vessels supply the rectum?

A

Superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

29
Q

Which nerves supply the rectum and which nerves supply the anal canal?

A

Rectum - autonomic nerves

Anal canal - somatic nerves

30
Q

Which muscle is most important for faecal continence and what does it do?

A

Puborectalis muscle - it puts a sharp angle into the recto-anal junction.

31
Q

What could badly injure this muscle?

A

Episiotomy

32
Q

What main blood vessels supply all the pelvic organs?

A

Internal iliac artery

33
Q

What is the auricular surface? What type of joint forms between the two?

A

The surfaces of the ilium and sacrum that articulate with each other - a synovial joint forms between the two