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Skin > Norton Part 2 > Flashcards

Norton Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common subtype of melanoma

A

superficial spreading

25% arise from preexisting lesion

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2
Q

where is one typically going to find superficial spreading melanoma

A

sun-exposed skin

typically backs of men and lower legs of women

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3
Q

evolved lesions of superficial spreading melanoma may show what?

A

multiple shades of red, tan, brown, blue, black, grey, and white

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4
Q

buckshot scatter of atypical melanocytes within the epidermis (pagetoid spread) is seen in what?

A

superficial spreading melanoma

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5
Q

lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma is typically found where

A

face of old men

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6
Q

lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma is what type of lesion

A

indolent, slow-growing

broad lesion on sun-damaged skin

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7
Q

what phase of lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma is long and how long

A

radial growth phase

10-50 years

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8
Q

lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma starts how and progresses to what

A

starts as tan-brown macule, gradually enlarges
develops darker
asymmetric foci

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9
Q

what is the difference between lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma

A

lentigo maligna melanoma has a vertical growth phase

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10
Q

what are the histological features of lentigo maligna

A

broad lesion on sun-damages skin
predominantly junctional growth of atypical melanocytes
cytologic atypia

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11
Q

what are the distinguishing features of lentigo maligna

A

malignant melanoma in situ
poorly nested and confluent melanocytes at dermal-epidermal junction
adnexal extension
heavily sun-damages skin

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12
Q

what is the least common melanoma

A

acral lentiginous

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13
Q

what is the most common melanoma of African American and Asians

A

acral lentiginous

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14
Q

were is acral lentiginous melanoma found

A

palms, soles, beneath the nail plate

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15
Q

nodular melanoma can be found where

A

anywhere on the body

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16
Q

what melanoma can be amelanotic

A

nodular melanoma

17
Q

what melanoma has a vertical growth phase but no apparent radial growth phase

A

nodular melanoma

18
Q

what has a radial growth phase but no vertical growth phase

A

lentigo meligna

19
Q

what is seen histologically in nodular melanoma

A

dermal growth occurring in isolation or occasionally with an epidermal component
mitoses are frequent and often atypical

20
Q

what are the two measurements of melanoma

A

breslow and clark measurements

21
Q

what is the actual measurement form the skin surface of melanoma

A

Breslow measurement

22
Q

the clark level of measurement is based off of what

A

how many layers of skin the tumor has penetrated (I-V)

23
Q

what are the clarks levels (I-V)

A 
I: epidermis
II: papillary dermis, not yet papillary-reticular junction
III: fills papillary dermis
IV: reticular dermis
V: subcutaneous tissues
24
Q

what measurement of melanoma most closely correlates with survival statistics

A

Breslow’s measurement

25
Q

lentigo malign can transform into what and what signals this

A

lentigo maligna melanoma

intraepidermal lesions evolving to become clinically palpable signaling dermal invasion and transformation

26
Q

if the melanoma is larger than 4mm how large should the margin be when reexcision

A

at least 2cm

27
Q

melanoma tumor inset how large should the margin be when reexcision

A

0.5cm

28
Q

what are some prognostic factors of melanoma

A 
tumor thickness
mitotic rate
ulceration
lymph node involvement
satellite lesions
distant metastases
29
Q

what sex has a better prognosis of melanoma

A

females

30
Q

what is used in a sentinal node biopsy

A

lymphoscintigraphy, radioactive racer and a gamma probe

31
Q

sentinal node biopsy is recommended for what kind of tumors

A

intermediate tumors (1-4 mm) or high-risk thin tumors

32
Q

sentinal node biopsy is used why?

A

minimally invasive technique that has been shown to help accurately stage the regional nodal basin with a lower associated rate of complications and costs compared to ELND

33
Q

stage I and II melanoma have what kind of 5-year survival rate

A

50-90+%

34
Q

stage III melanoma has what kind of 5-year survival rate

A

depending on nodal involvement and ulceration: 40-80%

35
Q

Stage IV melanoma has what kind of 5-year survival rate

A

15-25%

Skin (12 decks)

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