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Y1 Alimentary > Nutrition > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nutrition Deck (19)
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1
Q

Recall healthy eating guidelines

A

5 various fruit and vegetables a day
Base meals on starchy carbohydrates; wholegrain versions where possible
Have dairy or dairy alternatives eg soy; low fat low sugar options
Eat beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other proteins (2 portions of fish a week, one of which oily)
Choose unsaturated oils and spreads and small amounts
6-8 cups/glasses of fluid a day

2
Q

Recall methods to evaluate nutritional status

A

Nutrition screening
Nutrition assessment
Leading to nutritional diagnosis

3
Q

What are the two feeding strategies for patients that can’t eat for themselves?

A

Enteral feeding

Paraneteral feeding

4
Q

What is enteral feeding

A

Delivery of nutritious fluid past the upper GI tract and into the stomach/small intestine via nose or percutaneously: oesophagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy

5
Q

What is paranteral feeding

A

Bypassing GI tract altogether and deliver nutrients to the blood via venous catheter

6
Q

What are complications of enteral feeding

A

Low risk of complications

Nausea, vomiting and apsiration of food - travels back up from your stomach to your esophagus

7
Q

What are the complications of paranteral feeding?

A

High risk of serious complications
Blood clots
Infection
Liver failure

8
Q

What are the effects of enteral nutrition on GI tract?

A

Maintains the internal structure and functio of GI tract

9
Q

What are the effects of paranteral feeding on the GI tract?

A

Causes atrophy of gastrointestinal structures through underuse

10
Q

What is the difference in cost between enteral and paranteral nutrition?

A

Paranteral nutrition 5 times more expensive

11
Q

Summarise alcohol metabolism

A

3 separate pathways
Ehanol -NAD+ to NADH-> Acetylaldehyde in cytosol
Catalase makes H2O2 to H2O in peroxisomes
NADPH + H+ + O2 -> NADP+ + 2H2O in microsomes

Acetylaldehyde -ADH-> ethanol also possible (reversible reaction)
Acetylaldehyde -ALDH2-> Acetate in mitochondria releasing NAD+ -> NADH

acetate -> circulation

12
Q

Alcohol’s physical effects on the human body

A

CNS – Wernickes encephalopathy, Cerebral atrophy, Cerebellar syndrome, Optic Atrophy, Peripheral neuropathy
CVS – Hypertension, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Stroke
GIT – Oesophagitis, Gastritis, Oesophageal and Gastric cancer, Pancreatitis, Pancreatic cancer, Alcoholic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Liver Cancer
GUT – Glomerulonephritis, Renal failure
LMS – Gout, Fractures, Myopathies,
Endocrine & Reproduction – Pseudocushings, Impotence, Subfertility, Breast Cancer, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

13
Q

What are the characteristics of alcohol dependence, misuse and problem drinking

A

Drug of addiction and frequently used in conjunction to other recreational drugs of abuse

14
Q

What is short bowel syndrome characterised by?

A

significant removal of the bowel which leaves the patient with less than 100 cm of functional intestinal tract - reduction in absorptive surface area

15
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (imbalance) of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form (shape, size, composition) and function and clinical outcome

16
Q

What is nutrition screening

A

Not a diagnosis, quick and simple. Practical and done during initial assessment of patient; regular intervals by non nutrition professional

17
Q

What is a nutrition assessment

A

More detailed, in depth and could use anthropometrics by a dietitian or specialist nutrition nurse

18
Q

What is an example of a nutrition screening tool

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)

19
Q

What factors does MUST use to test nutrition

A

BMI score
Weight loss score
Acute disease effect score