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Flashcards in ob complications of pregnancy Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is the rate of doubling for beta hCG in normal pregnancy?

A

-double every 48 hrs (approx.)

2
Q

When can a pregnancy be visualized by transabdominal ultrasound? by transvaginal ultrasound? give answer in form of hCG level

A
  • 6500 mIU/mL for transabdominal

- 15000 mIU/mL for transvaginal

3
Q

What are the most common causes of spontaneous abortions?

A

1st trimester: chromosomal abnormalities
2nd trimester: infection, cervical insufficiency, uterine abnormalities, hypercoagulability, or poor maternal health (drugs, meds, other problems)

4
Q

What are the risk factors for SAB?

A

incr maternal age, multiple prior births, prior SAB, uterine abnormalities, smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs,

5
Q

How is an inevitable abortion diagnosed and treated?

A

pain or bleeding with open cervix

give misoprostol or D&C to remove uterine contents

6
Q

What is the definition of spontaneous abortion?

A

miscarriage of pregnancy at less than 20 wks

7
Q

What are the ultrasound findings for IUGR?

A

abd circumference

8
Q

What is intrauterine fetal demise?

A

fetal death that occurs after 20 wks gestation and before the onset of labor

9
Q

What are the causes of intrauterine fetal demise?

A

placental or cord abnormalities due to maternal CV or hematologic conditions; maternal HTN, infection (another major cause), fetal anomalies, poor maternal health

10
Q

What is the treatment for intrauterine fetal demise?

A
  • 20-24 wks: consider D&E

- after 24 wks, must do oxytocin and misoprostol to induce labor and delivery

11
Q

What are the causes of symmetric IUGR?

A

early pregnancy problems, usually due to chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, or maternal drug use

12
Q

What are the causes of asymmetric IUGR?

A

80% of IUGR. Due to decr abd size with preservation of head and extremities
caused by POOR MATERNAL HEALTH, multiple gestation, placental insufficiency

13
Q

What does physical exam show in IUGR?

A

fundal height at least 3 cm smaller than expected

14
Q

What are the ultrasound findings for IUGR?

A

abd circumference

15
Q

What ultrasound finding indicates oligohydramnios?

A

amniotic fluid index

16
Q

What is the signficance of timing for oligohydramnios?

A

first trimester: causes SAB most of the time
second trimester: fetal renal abnormalities or placental thrombosis, or due to maternal problems like preeclampsia, renal disease, HTN,
third trimester: PROM, preeclampsia, placental abruption

17
Q

What is the definition of polyhydramnios?

A

amniotic fluid index >25 cm or one pocket >8cm can be caused by swallowing defects or maternal diabetes, multiple gestation, fetal anemia

18
Q

What is the tx for polyhydramnios?

A

only given if a threat of preterm labor exists

32 wks get amnioreduction alone