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Year 2 Endo > Obesity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Obesity Deck (16)
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1
Q

Define Obesity

A

A condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health is impaired

2
Q

What are the different BMI levels of Obesity?

A

Obesity I 30-34.9
Obesity II 35-39.9
Obesity III 40 or more

3
Q

Why is BMI not reliable?

A

Does not take into account muscle mass

4
Q

How important are genes vs environments to your chances of developing obesity?

A

Heritability of obesity is very high (60-80%)

Genes predisposition and environment is a trigger

5
Q

What is an obesogenic environment?

A

Things in an environment that are likely to make people obese

  1. Calorie content
  2. Cost
6
Q

What drives obesity?

A
Food availability
Cost of food
Car use
Ability to play outside
Screen time
Education level
Educational achievement
Poverty
Social deprivation 
Ethnicity
Stress
Mental Health
7
Q

What are some obesity associated with co-morbidties?

A
Depression
Sleep apnoea 
Bowel Cancer
Osteoarthritis
Gout
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Hypertension
Diabetes
Peripheral vascular disease
8
Q

What is BMI associated with?

A

Mortality

9
Q

How do we treat obesity?

A

Assess lifestyle, comorbidities and willingness to change

Consider referral to specialist care

Potential bariatric surgery

Orlistat

10
Q

How does Orlistat work?

A

Derivative of an endogenous lipstatin produced by Streptomyces toxytricini.

Gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor

Reduces dietary fat absorption by around 30%.

11
Q

When is bariatric surgery considered?

A

BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more
BMI of 35-40 kg/m2 and other co-morbidities
BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2 for newly diagnosed T2DM

12
Q

What are the criteria for bariatric surgery?

A

non-surgical measures have failed to achieve or maintain adequate clinically beneficial weight loss for at least 6 months

receiving or will receive intensive specialist management

generally fit for anaesthesia and surgery

commit to the need for long-term follow-up

13
Q

What are the three types of bariatric surgery?

A

Gastric bypass

Gastric band

Sleeve gastrectomy

14
Q

What is gastric bypass?

A

the top part of your stomach is joined to the small intestine, so you feel fullersooner and do not absorb as many calories from food

15
Q

What is gastric band?

A

a band is placed around your stomach, so you do not need to eat as much to feel full

16
Q

What is sleeved gastronomy?

A

some of your stomach is removed,soyou cannot eat as much as you could before and you’ll feelfull sooner