Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Narcolepsy Flashcards Preview

Respiratory System > Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Narcolepsy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Narcolepsy Deck (22)
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1
Q

what is obstructive sleep apnoea

A

Recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep

2
Q

what may a patient tell you that would suggest they might have OSA

A

have heavy snoring
experience unrefreshing sleep
sleep during the day
poor daytime concentration

3
Q

what is the pathophysiology of OSA

A

can happen due to muscle relaxation, obesity or if the pharynx becomes narrow.

this can lead to repeated closure of the airway during sleep and apnoea

4
Q

what health conditions can OSA lead to

A

associated with hypertension
increased risk of stroke
increased risk of heart disease

5
Q

what is the prevalence of OSA in men and women

A

2% of men

1% of women

6
Q

how is OSA diagnosed

A

history and examination
Epworth questionnaire
overnight sleep study

7
Q

what does an overnight sleep study consist of

A

pulse oximetry

full polysomnography

8
Q

what does oximetry measure

A

indirectly monitors the oxygen saturation of a patient’s blood

9
Q

what is a polysomnography

A

a sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders

10
Q

what does a polysomnography record

A
brain waves
oxygen saturation of blood 
body position 
heart rate and breathing 
eye and leg movement
11
Q

what value is considered sever on the apnoea hypopnea index

A

higher than 30

12
Q

what lifestyle factors could be changed to improve symptoms of OSA

A

weight reduction in obese individuals
avoidance of alcohol
stop smoking

13
Q

what medical treatment is available for OSA

A

CPAP

mandibular repositioning splint

14
Q

what is the prevalence of narcolepsy in the population

A

0.05% of the population

15
Q

what age group does narcolepsy typically effect

A

10y-30y

16
Q

what are the main features of narcolepsy

A

irresistible daytime sleepiness
cataplexy- (muscle weakness in response to amusement or emotion)
hypnagogic hallucinations
sleep paralysis

17
Q

what is usually the cause of Narcolepsy

A

its familial

18
Q

what is the treatment for Narcolepsy

A

Modafinil- daytime sleepiness

sodium Oxybate- for cataplexy

19
Q

what level is pCO2 in chronic ventilatory failure

A

higher than 6 kPa

20
Q

what level is pO2 in chronic ventilatory failure

A

less than 8 kPa

21
Q

what could be elevated in the blood in chronic ventilatory failure apart from CO2

A

elevated bicarbonate

22
Q

what are typical symptoms of chronic ventilatory failure

A
Breathlessness
recurrent chest infections 
ankle swelling 
morning headache 
disturbed sleep 
orthopnea