Oncogenes Flashcards
What kind of tumour often has mutations in C-KIT?
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs).
What does C-KIT code for?
A receptor tyrosine kinase.
What kind of tumour often has mutations in HER2?
Breast cancer.
What can be used to treat a cancer with a HER2 mutation?
Herceptin (Trastuzumab).
What family does HER2 belong to?
Human epidermal growth factor receptors.
What cancers is a Ras mutation often found in?
Colon cancer, lung cancer.
What types of cancer often have a BRAF mutation?
Melanomas.
What are cancers with a BRAF mutation treated with?
Vemurafanib.
What cancers often have a myc mutation?
Lymphoma, neuroblastoma, small cell lung cancer, Burkitt lymphoma.
What translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma leads to overexpression of myc?
t(14;18).
What genes are all part of the same pathway?
C-KIT, Ras, BRAF, Myc.
What is the most commonly mutated kinase in cancer?
PI3K.
What type of cancers often have a mutation in Bcl-2 and what translocation causes this?
Follicular lymphomas, t(14;18).
Why does Bcl-2 mutation cause cancer?
Overexpression causes it to bind to bax/bak which means no apoptosis.
What is up-regulated in some malignancies that allows angiogenesis?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
