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Flashcards in Oncology/Hematology Deck (31)
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1
Q

What pathology is at hand: Histology - thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei

A

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

2
Q

What pathology is at hand: Histology - anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency

3
Q

What pathology is at hand: Histology - Eczema, recurrent infections, and thrombocytopenia

A

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome

4
Q

What pathology is at hand: Histology - Hemosiderinuria and thrombosis

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

5
Q

What is the translocation associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma? What are the percentages associated?

A

t(14;18)

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
~30%

follicular lymphoma
>90%

6
Q

What is the most common lymphoma in children?

A

Lymphoblastic lymphoma

7
Q

What is the translocation in Burkett Lymphoma? What is the associated oncogene?

A

t(8;14)

This activates the c-Myc oncogene

8
Q

What is the translocation associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma? What is the associated dysregulation?

A

t(11;14)

Disrupting the regulation of cyclin D

9
Q

What are the 3 pathologies associated with Marginal cell MALToma?

A

Sjögren Syndrome
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
H. pylori

10
Q

What type of lymphoma is associated with long term celiac disease?

A

Intestinal T-Cell lymphoma

—> Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

11
Q

What is the most common type of Lymphoma in the US?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

12
Q

What cancer is most commonly associated with a non-infectious fever?

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

13
Q

What malignancy is associated with the appearance of Auer rods??

A

AML - Acute myelogenous leukemia

14
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of Acute Leukemia?

A
  • Rapid onset
  • Over 50% myeloblasts (AML) or lymphoblasts (ALL) in the bone marrow
  • Numerous blast (immature) cells (>20% blasts) in peripheral blood
  • Often associated with pancytopenia (anemia, bleeding tendency, infection)
15
Q
High yield points:
Philadelphia chromosome (assoc. with poor prognosis)
B cell more common than T cell
Bone pain
Very good prognosis in children (up to 90% remission in patients)
PAS (+)
Difficult to DX on blood smear 
Associated with Down’s Syndrome 
What pathology is being described?
A

ALL - Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

16
Q
High yield points:
Philadelphia chromosome rarely seen
Characteristic Auer Rods 
Most are CD 13/33 (+)
Median sage of onset is 65
PAS (-)
Associated with many risk factors (Down syndrome, radiation, benzene, alkylating agents, myeloproliferative disease, aplastic anemia, Fanconi Sd, Bloom Syndrome, etc)
What pathology is being described?
A

AML - Acute myelogenous leukemia

17
Q

High yield points:
Insidious onset and gradual progression (months to years)
Mature cells (rather than blasts)(>5% blasts)
Associated with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Prominent infiltration of bone marrow by leukemic cells and peripheral WBC counts may be high
What pathology is at hand?

A

Chronic Leukemia

18
Q
High yield points:
Most common adult Leukemia
Adults over age 50
95% have B cells markers
Characteristic smudge cells
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Tends to be indolent

Disease is the same as small lymphocytic lymphoma
What pathology is being described?

A

CLL - Chronic Lymphoblastic leukemia

19
Q

High yield points:
May progress to AML (80%) or ALL (20%) - called a ‘Blast Crisis’
Age: 25-60
Numerous basophils and PMNs are LAP (-)
Hyperplasia of all 3 cell lines (granulocyte, erythroid, and megakaryocyte) but granulocyte precursora predominate
Philadelphia chromosome (t 9;22) is ALWAYS PRESENT
Fatigue, abdominal pain, splenomegaly, bleeding tendency
What pathology is being described?

A

CML - Chronic myelogenous leukemia

20
Q

What is being described:
Neoplastic transformation of a single myeloid precursor. Monoclonal proliferation of mature myeloid cells. What 3 diseases are associated?

A

Myeloproliferative disorders

These include:
Polycythemia Vera
Essential thrombocytosis
Myelofibrosis

Occasionally people also lump in CML

21
Q

Pt is found with a malignancy of plasma cells. These cells secrete what? What is the pathology at hand?

A

Multiple Myeloma

Generally, the cells secrete IgG or sometimes IgA

22
Q

Loss of tumor suppressor function can lead to cancer, by way of what mechanism?

A

Requires mutations in BOTH alleles

23
Q

What cancers are associated with a RET gene mutation?

A

MEN 2A and 2B

Medullary and Papillary thyroid carcinoma

24
Q

What medications are Nephrotoxic and Ototoxic?

A

Cisplatin and carboplatin
Loop diuretics
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin

25
Q

What is the MC scenario to receive Arsenic exposure? What cancer is the Pt at risk for developing?

A

Ingesting ground water that contains arsenic over several years-living in an arsenic rich region.

26
Q

What are the main causes of megaloblastic anemia??

A

Deficiencies in folate, B12

  • Orotic Aciduria
  • Fanconi Anemia (type of aplastic anemia)
27
Q

What are the 2 types of non-megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia?

A
  • Diamond Blackfan Anemia
  • Liver disease
  • Alcoholism
28
Q

Ham’s test is used to diagnose what?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

29
Q

Heinz bodies help to diagnose what pathology?

A

G-6-PD deficiency

30
Q

Basophilic stippling is used to diagnose what pathology?

A

Lead poisoning

31
Q

Osmotic fragility test is used to diagnose what pathology?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis