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Flashcards in Optho Deck (13)
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1
Q

AH is secreted by epithelial cells of the __ in the posterior eye chamber
fluid flows through __ into anterior chamber at the iridiocorneal angle

passes into Schlemm canal and drains into __ or _ pathway

__ glaucoma caused by inc ICP due to inc _ or dec __ of AH

pt loses __ axons, seen as __/__ optic disc
pt has progressive loss of __

A

ciliary body
pupil

veins, uveoscleral

open angle, secretion, absorption

ganglion cell
pale, enlarged
lateral visual fields

2
Q

tx open angle glaucoma w L __ a prostaglandin
converted to active form via __ in cornea
dec __ content in uveoscleral outflow path and inc outflow

can cause inc pigment in __/__

CA inhibs like D dec prodxn of __ in ciliary body, dec prodxn of __

Alpha agonist B inhibit AH prodxn by __ ciliary body

Beta blocker like __ dec __ of AH

A

latanoprost
esterases
collagen

iris/eyelids

Dorzolamide, HCO3, AH

brimonidine, vc

Timolol, prodxn

3
Q

young obese women w daily HA, bilateral symmetric papilledema and transient visual disturbances dx ___

caused by impaired cerebral __ and inc IC ___
worsen w __ as IC pressure inc

pressure transmitted from __ to optic nerve sheath

compression leads to impaired __ flow, causing papilledma

optic disc is __ w blurred margin

A

idiopathic IC HTN

outflow, pressure

valsalva

CSF

axoplasmic

elevated

4
Q

choirodal inflamm is seen in P___
presents as __ visual loss and F__
exa shows __/__ in vitreous humor
assc w __ disorders

__ presents w painless transient monocular visual loss
caused by athero emboli originating from ipsi __
fundoscopy shows __ plaques and retinal __

A

posterior uveitis
painless, floaters

leuks/inflamm
systemic inflamm

retinal ischemia
carotid aartery
embolic, whitening

5
Q

acute inc in intraocular pressure indicates __ glacuoma
painful visual loss, __ and __ injection w mid dilated pupil

progressive, painless, bilateral visual loss w optic disc cupping is ___

__ is seen in MS
monocular visual loss w __ eye movement
__ pupil defect w hyperemia/swelling of optic disc

A

closure
vomiting, conjunctival

open angle

optic neuritis, painful
affarent

6
Q

Familial Rb caused by mutation in Rb ts on chromo __
all cells in body have __
requires __ for cancer development
inc risk of __ like O

sporadic occurs due to __ mutations
only affect __ cells

pt presents w ___

active Rb is __ and prevents cells from entering S phase

inactive Rb is __ and permits cell division

A

13
mutation
2nd hit
sarcomas, osteosarcoma

2
retinal

leukocoria

dephos

phos

7
Q

glaucoma is an __ characterized by atrophy of the optic nerve
due to inc __ pressure
more common w __

Timolol a __ dec sec by the __
Prostaglandin F2a like L/T and cholinomimetics P/C dec intraocular pressure by inc __ of AH

cholinomimetics cause misosi via __ sphincter, inc anterior chamber __

A

optic neuropathy
intraocular
age

BB, ciliary epithelium
latanoprost, travoprost
pilocarpine/carbachol
outflow

contracting, angle

8
Q

acute painless vision loss indicates ___
vision loss is __
retina is __ and macula is __

Central retinal artery comes from __ artery
arises from __ artery
__/_ most common causes

think A__ and __ stenosis

__ is painless, transient monocular visual loss via embolis

A

CRAO
permanent
pale, cherry red

ophthalmic, internal carotid
athero/thromboembolism

A fib, carotid artery

amaurosis fugax

9
Q

__ manifests as blurry vision, black spot/floater and dec peripheral vision
look for ___

inflam vasc sheathing, hemorrhage in HIV pt indicate __ retinits
CD4 less than __
may have retinal __ due to atrophic __
tx w __

develops due to __ spread

A

Diabetic retinopathy
neovasc

CMV
50
detachment
scar tissue
ganciclovir

hematogenous

10
Q

chronic HTN can lead to __ disruption and leakage of plasma into arteriol wall
__ necrosis occurs and necrotic vessels bleed into eye

pt presents w painless visual loss, ___ shaped hemorrhages

also see thickened __ walls (copper/silver wire), compresed __ (AV Nick) and __ spots

A

endothelial
fibrinoid

flame shaped

arteriolar, veins, cotton wool

11
Q

primary CMV infection in pregnancy leads to ___ in utero
other manifestations include S, S, H, M

congenital cataract seen in in utero __ infection

inclusion conjunctivitis seen in __ of newborn

A

chorioretinitis
sensorineural deaf, seizure, HSM, microcephaly

rubell

Clamydia

12
Q

Dry AMD presents w gradual __ loss in 1/both eyes
difficulty d__/r__
due to chronic __ dmage to retinal pigment epithelium
subretinal inflam w abnormal ECM deposition occurs called __
look for _ w pigment abnorms

Wet AMD- progressive ECM accumulation leads to retinal __ and release of __
pt has __ w leaky vessels
pt has __ vision loss and inability to see __ lines
fundoscopy shows __/__ subretinal discoloration w fluid

A
visual
driving/reding
oxidative
drusen
drusen
hypoxia, VEGF
neovasc
acute
straifght
gray/green
13
Q

tx MD w antioxidnts like __/__

Wet AMD can be treated w VEGF inhibs like R/B

A

vitamins, Zn

ranibizumab, bevacuzimab