Oral and oesophageal pathology Flashcards Preview

GI > Oral and oesophageal pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Oral and oesophageal pathology Deck (17)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the z line?

A

Present at gastro-oesophageal junction where epithelium changes from stratified squamous to columnar in stomach

2
Q

What can cause acute oesophagitis?

A

Corrosive following chemical ingestion

Infective in immunocompromised patients

3
Q

What can cause chronic oesophagitis?

A

Reflux disease

Crohn’s disease (rare)

4
Q

What is reflux oesophagitis?

A

Inflammatino of oesophagus due to refleuxed low pH gastric content that may be due to defective sphincter, abnormal oesophageal motility or increased intra-abdominal pressure

5
Q

What can be seen microscopically in reflux oesophagitis?

A

Basal zone epithelial expansion

Intraepithelial neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils

6
Q

What are the complications of reflux?

A

Ulceration (bleeding)
Stricture
Barrett’s oesophagus (replacement of stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium)

7
Q

What is allergic oesophagitis?

A
Eosinophilic oesophagitis
Personal/family history of allergy 
Asthma
Young
Affects more males that females 
Increased eosinophils in blood
8
Q

How is allergic oesophaitis treated?

A

Steroids
Chromogoycate
Montelukast

9
Q

What are examples of benign oesophageal tumours?

A

Squamous papilloma

Papillary

10
Q

What are examples of malignant oesophageal tumours?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

11
Q

What can cause squamous cell carcinoma?

A
Vit A and zinc deficiency 
Tannic acid
Smoking, alcohol
HPV
Oesophagitis
Genetic
12
Q

What can cause adenocarcionma of the oesophagus?

A

Commoner in caucasions
Commoner in obese males
Commonest in lower 1/3rd of oesophagus

13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus?

A
Genetic factors, reflux disease 
Chronic reflux oesophagitis
Barretts oesophagus
Low grade dysplasia
High grade dysplasia
Adenocarcinoma
14
Q

What are the mechanisms of metastasaes of carcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

Direct invasion
Lymphatic permeation
Vascular invasion

15
Q

What can carcinoma of the oesophagus present with?

A

Dysphagia
Anaemia
Weight loss, loss of energy

16
Q

What is the common presentation of oral cancer?

A

White, red, speckled, ulcer, lump

17
Q

Where are the high risk sites for oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Floor of mouth
Lateral border of and ventral tongue
Soft palate
Retomolar pad/tonsilar pillars