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Anatomy: head and neck > Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

________ ______ can be found in 1% of the population, often in people who grind their teeth. They make it hard to fit dentures.

A

Mandibular tori

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2
Q

Abscesses on the root of a tooth in the anterior mandible can be accessed in the _______ space, whereas root abscesses in posterior molars may invade the ________ space.

A

sublingual (anterior teeth) - above the mylohyoid line

submaxillary (posterior teeth) - below the mylohyoid line

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3
Q

Alveolar nerves and blood vessels access the pulp of the teeth through the ______ ______.

A

apical foramen

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4
Q

What is the majority of the teeth made of?

A

Dentin

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5
Q

Between which two structures are the palatine tonsils found?

A

Between the palatoglossal arch anteriorly and the palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly

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6
Q

Name the three major tonsils.

A
  1. Palatine
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Lingual
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7
Q

Is there usually a lot of space between the tongue and palate?

A

Nope

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8
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are also called _______ if they are near the eustachian tube, and ______ if they are enlarged.

A

called tubal if near the eustachain tube

called adenoid if enlarged

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9
Q

Why is surgical removal of the tonsils dangerous?

A

There is an ish-ton of blood supply.

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10
Q

Are there a ton of minor salivary glands on the palate?

A

Yeah

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11
Q

How many muscles make up the soft palate?

A

5

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12
Q

Name the muscles of the soft palate.

A
  1. Tensor veli palatini
  2. Levator veli palatini
  3. Palatopharyngeus
  4. Palatoglossus
  5. Uvula
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13
Q

What is the innervation to the soft palate muscles?

A

CN X (vagus) except for the TENSOR VELI PALATINI (V3)

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14
Q

What does the palatoglossus muscle do?

A
  1. Elevates tongue and pulls down soft palate and uvula - sealing off the oropharynx.
  2. Helps you make “K” sounds (velar consonants).
  3. Isolate vestibule saliva.
  4. Assists in swallowing.
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15
Q

What does the uvula muscle do?

A
  1. Helps with uvular consonants

2. Seals nasopharynx during swallowing.

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16
Q

What might a shortened or bidid uvula cause?

A

Middle ear infections due to nasal regurgitation.

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17
Q

Which soft palate muscle originates on the temporal bone and wraps around the pterygoid hamulus to act to flatten the palate? Which nerve innervates this muscle?

A

Tensor veli palatini - innervated by V3

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18
Q

Where does the levator veli palatini muscle originate? What is its action and innervation?

A

Originates in the scaphoid fossae of the temporal bone near the eustachian tube opening. Innervated by CN X (vagus), acts to elevate the palate.

19
Q

Divers will swallow during their descents to equilibrate pressure in their ear. Which muscle is responsible for this opening of the eustachian tube?

A

The tensor veli palatini

20
Q

Which cranial nerve sends sensory fibers to the palate? What are the exact names of these nerves?

A

V2 branches descend the palatine canal to the palate: lesser palatine nerve (posterior palate), greater palatine nerve (middle 4/5 of the palate)

The nasopalatine nerve (also V2) comes out the incisive foramen to provide sensory innervation to the anterior hard palate.

21
Q

Describe the physical pathway of the nerves that provide sensory innervation to the palate.

A

V2 –> through foramen rotundum –> pterygopalatine fossa where the pterygopalatine ganglion is. From here…

The greater and lesser palatine nerves go through the descending palatine canal from here –> palate

The nasopalatine nerve goes through the sphenopalatine foramen –> nose –> incisive canal –> anterior palate.

22
Q

What are oral vestibules? What nerves provide sensation to them?

A

Vestibules are the spaces between the teeth and lips. Superior (V2) and inferior (V3) alveolar nerves and the buccal nerve (V3) provides sensation to these.

23
Q

Name the three extrinsic tongue muscles that have bony attachments. What is their innervation?

A
  1. Styloglossus
  2. Hyoglossus
  3. Genioglossus

All are innervated by CN XII

24
Q

Are there a lot of intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Yeah

25
Q

After the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) exits the hypoglossal canal, it passes superior to this artery as it makes a sharp bend anteriorly to reach the tongue muscles.

A

The occipital artery

26
Q

How can you clinically test for CN XII damage?

A

Have the patient stick their tongue out. This involves contraction of the genioglossus

27
Q

Do the lingual and hypoglossal nerves pass deep, or superficial to the hyoglossus?

A

Superficial.

28
Q

What provides sensory and taste innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? What about the anterior 2/3? What does motor innervation?

A

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal (CN IX) does both

Anterior 2/3 - chorda tympani (CN VII parasympathetic) does taste and lingual nerve (V3) does somatic sensory

Motor is done by hypoglossal (the whole thing!)

29
Q

The most numerous structure on the surface of the tongue is the _______, which have no taste buds but instead help move food around.

A

filiform

30
Q

Are taste receptors also present in the gut and respiratory tract?

A

Yeah

31
Q

Are taste receptors for the different tastes mixed all around on the tongue surface?

A

Yeah

32
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the tongue? What is it a branch of?

A

Lingual artery, from the ECA

33
Q

What are the minor salivary glands called within the anterior tongue?

A

Anterior lingual salivary glands

34
Q

The sublingual caruncle is the oral opening for the ________ duct.

A

submandibular

35
Q

Do some of the secretions from the sublingual gland get into the mouth via the submandibular gland duct?

A

Yeah!

36
Q

Name the three pharynges from superior to inferior.

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

37
Q

What structures mark the superior and inferior borders of the nasopharynx? What structures are contained within the nasopharynx?

A

Borders: choanae (superior) and inferior margin of the soft palate.

Stuff within it: pharyngeal tonsils, torus tubarius and cartilaginous opening to the eustachian tube, saplingopharyngeus muscle, part of the superior constrictor.

38
Q

What structures mark the superior and inferior borders of the oropharynx? Which tonsils are and muscles are contained in the oropharynx?

A

Borders: bottom of the soft palate (superior) and top of the epiglottis (inferior).

Stuff in it: palatine tonsils, palatopharyngeus m, stylopharyngeus m, part of the superior constrictor and part of the middle constrictor.

39
Q

What structures mark the superior and inferior borders of the laryngopharynx? Which constrictors are part of the laryngopharynx?

A

Upper border is the epiglottis, lower is the cricoid cartilage.

Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors.

40
Q

On what bony prominence does the pharyngeal raphe insert?

A

The pharyngeal tubercle.

41
Q

All circular pharyngeal constrictors cone together to form the pharyngeal raphe, which inserts at the base of the skull on the _______ _______. What is the origin of each of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

the raphe inserts on the pharyngeal tubercle.

Origins:
Superior pharyngeal constrictor - pterygomandibular raphe
Middle pharyngeal constrictor - greater horn of the hyoid bone
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor - oblique line (on the thyroid cartilage)

42
Q

Name the three inner longitudinal pharyngeal muscles. What is their action?

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus.

They act to shorten/elevate and widen the pharynx during swallowing.

43
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the pharyngeal muscles?

A

CN X except for the stylopharyngeus muscle (CN IX does it)

Anatomy: head and neck (31 decks)

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